History: BPFK Section: Irrealis Attitudinals

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Proposed definitions

.ai (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express intent / intentionality / purpose / design (cf. zukte, platu)

.ai mi ze'e ba jmive
I intend to live forever.

.ai le mi cukta do sidju gi'e pacnygau
I intend for my book to give you help and hope.


.ai cu'i (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express indecision / hesitation / vacillation / wavering.

.ai cu'i mi ti ba te vecnu
I don't know whether I'll purchase these or not.


.ai nai (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express unintentionality / accidentality / unplannedness. (cf. selsnuti)

.ai nai do pu se xrani
I didn't mean for you to get hurt.


.au (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express desire / wish / yearning / aspiration. (cf. djica)

.au lo tricu cu krati lo ro se genja gi'e sfasa lo kusru be gy
Would that the trees might speak on behalf of all things that have roots, and punish those that wrong them!


.au cu'i (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express indifference / apathy / disinterest. (cf. nordji)

.au cu'i makau jinga
I don't really care who wins.


.au nai (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express reluctance / averseness / disinclination. (cf. toldji)

.au nai ta tai kargu
Oh, those are so expensive.


.a'o (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express hope / longing. (cf. pacna)

.a'o le nobli cu gidva lo se zukte be mi
Oh, that the Lord would guide my ways.


.a'o nai (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express despair / hopelessness. (cf. tolpacna)

.a'o nai ro da ca se cirko
Everything is lost now.


.ei (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express obligation / how things ought to be. (cf. bilga)

.ei mi cliva co'o
Gotta go now, bye!

.ei le jatna cu ckeji
The president ought to be ashamed.

.ei do djuno
You ought to know.



.ei nai (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to express freedom / lack of obligation / how things need not be. (cf. zifre)

.ei nai do tolnurcni
You don't have to feel threatened.


.e'a (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to permit / allow / grant permission / authorization / consent / license. (cf. curmi)

.e'a do tsebi'o
You may sit down.



.e'a nai (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to prohibit / forbid / deny permission / authorization / consent / license. (cf. tolcru)

.e'a nai do ti stali
You can't stay here.


.e'e (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to exhort / incite / motivate / encourage / entreat / stimulate.

.e'e ko jarco lo se kakne be do
Show them what you can do! Go for it!


.e'e nai (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to discourage / intimidate / demoralize / deprecate / dampen / bridle.

.e'e nai doi nelis
Whoa, Nelly!


.e'i (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to challenge / dare defy / provoke / bully / invite competition.

.e'i mi do bajra jivna fe'e co'u le karce
I'll race you to the car!


.e'i nai (UI1)
Attitudinal. Used to avoid / dodge / elude / duck / evade / back off / withdraw.

.e'i nai mi bilga lo nu zukte lo drata
Sorry, I have other things to do.



.e'o (UI1)
Request . It indicates the speaker's request to the audience to bring about the situation described. (request - negative request)

.e'o do dunda le silna mi
Can you pass me the salt, please?

.e'u (UI1)
Suggestion. It indicates the speaker's suggestion to the audience to bring about the situation described. (suggestion - abandon suggest - warning)

.e'u mi'o salci
Let's party!

ia (UI1)
attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief (cf. krici, jinvi)


ia lo cevni cu zasti
Indeed God exists.

ie (UI1)
attitudinal: agreement - disagreement (cf. tugni)


ie ta melbi
Yes, that's beautiful.

Attitudinal expression Attitude expressed
.ai sentence le cusku cu relzilzu'e lo nu sentence
.ainai sentence le cusku cu relzilzu'e lo nu naku sentence
.aicu'i sentence le cusku no'e relzilzu'e lo nu sentence
.au sentence le cusku cu djica lo nu sentence
.aunai sentence le cusku cu djica lo nu naku sentence
.aucu'i sentence le cusku no'e djica lo nu sentence
.a'o sentence le cusku cu pacna lo nu sentence
.a'onai sentence le cusku cu pacna lo nu naku sentence
.a'ocu'i sentence le cusku no'e pacna lo nu sentence
.ei sentence lo nu sentence cu sarcu
.einai sentence lo nu sentence cu na sarcu
.e'a sentence lo nu naku sentence cu na sarcu
.e'anai sentence lo nu naku sentence cu sarcu
.e'e sentence le cusku cu xlura le te cusku lo nu sentence
.e'enai sentence le cusku cu xlura le te cusku lo nu naku sentence
.e'ecu'i sentence le cusku no'e xlura le te cusku lo nu sentence
.e'i sentence le cusku cu talsa le te cusku lo nu sentence
.e'inai sentence le cusku cu talsa le te cusku lo nu naku sentence
.e'icu'i sentence le cusku no'e talsa le te cusku lo nu sentence
.e'o sentence le cusku cu cpedu lo nu sentence kei le te cusku
.e'onai sentence le cusku cu cpedu lo nu naku sentence kei le te cusku
.e'ocu'i sentence le cusku no'e cpedu lo nu sentence kei le te cusku
.e'u sentence le cusku cu stidi lo nu sentence kei le te cusku
.e'unai sentence le cusku cu stidi lo nu naku sentence kei le te cusku
.e'ucu'i sentence le cusku no'e stidi lo nu sentence kei le te cusku

Notes

  • The definitions of e'e and e'i are based on a very lose interpretation of some of the keywords, so that they fit the e-series, which in all other cases expresses the speaker's attitude towards the audience's bringing about some situation.

  • ai nai changed from rejection / refusal (which is i'a nai) to unintentionality / accidentality / unplannedness.


History

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Information Version
Sat 23 of Aug, 2014 16:31 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 Adding keywords and word links. 26
Mon 09 of Jun, 2014 22:43 GMT mukti from 216.194.27.154 Reformatted 25
Mon 09 of Jun, 2014 22:18 GMT selpa'i from 84.175.65.83 24
Sun 08 of Jun, 2014 19:24 GMT mukti from 216.194.27.154 23
Thu 08 of Nov, 2012 19:59 GMT admin from 173.13.139.233 22
Thu 02 of Dec, 2010 03:01 GMT lindarthebard from 32.172.221.37 21
Fri 08 of Oct, 2010 23:48 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 20
Tue 21 of Sep, 2010 20:06 GMT Eimi from 128.252.20.177 Added verbiage around realis/irrealis merger 19
Sat 13 of Aug, 2005 18:19 GMT xorxes from 24.232.147.225 18
Fri 12 of Aug, 2005 18:13 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 17
Thu 11 of Aug, 2005 19:01 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 16
Tue 09 of Aug, 2005 14:22 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 15
Tue 09 of Aug, 2005 14:21 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 14
Fri 08 of Jul, 2005 13:16 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 13
Tue 05 of Jul, 2005 19:45 GMT rlpowell from 64.241.242.18 12
Mon 04 of Jul, 2005 19:31 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 11
Mon 04 of Jul, 2005 19:24 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 10
Mon 04 of Jul, 2005 17:02 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 9
Mon 04 of Jul, 2005 16:14 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 8
Mon 04 of Jul, 2005 15:32 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 7
Wed 29 of Jun, 2005 18:51 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 6
Sat 25 of Jun, 2005 00:17 GMT rlpowell from 64.81.49.134 5
Fri 24 of Jun, 2005 23:57 GMT rlpowell from 64.81.49.134 4
Thu 16 of Jun, 2005 23:53 GMT rlpowell from 64.81.49.134 3
Wed 25 of Aug, 2004 14:43 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 2
Wed 18 of Aug, 2004 19:20 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 1