cmavo: ce'i (PA3)

Proposed Definition

Percentage. Expresses a fraction of 100 with the digits to the left as the numerator.

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {fi'u}

Proposed Keywords

• percent

Usage Examples

li pa no no no ce'i du li pa no

1000% is 10

Notes

• ksion says "ce'i" is basically "pi'i vei fi'u cinono ve'o"

Issues

• CLL doesn't define "ce'i" in prose

• Doesn't regard digits to the right

cmavo: fi'u (PA3)

Proposed Definition

A digit representing both the fraction slash, when modifying other digits, and the golden ratio, when on its own.

When used between two digit strings m and n, it makes the entire number a fraction m/n. When used in front of a digit string m, it makes the entire number a fraction 1/m. When used after a digit string m, it makes the entire number string a fraction m/1.

When used on its own, it represents the golden ratio φ, a mathematical constant equal to half of the sum of one and the square root of five, or approximately 1.618033.

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {ra'e}
• {pa}
• {pai}

Proposed Keywords

• fraction bar
• golden ratio

Usage Examples

fi'ure lo vovo gerku vi bajra

"Half of the 44 dogs run here."

li fi'uze du li cifi'uze pi'i fi'uci

"1/7 is equal to 3/7 times 1/3."

li fi'u minso namcu

"The golden ratio is a famous number."

Notes

None.

Issues

None.

cmavo: ki'o (PA3)

Proposed Definition

Thousands seperator

partitions a decimal number into groups of 3 digits.

When there are less than 3 digits following a ki'o, replace the ki'o with enough {no} to have 3 digits in total.

Expansion formulae:

Integral part (left of the decimal point)

"A ki'o B" is A*1000 + B

Fractional part (right of the decimal point)

"pi A ki'o B" needs to be defined

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {pi}
• {kilto}

Proposed Keywords

• Thousands seperator

Usage Examples

pa ki'o recivo ki'o muxaze

((1*1000) + 234) * 1000 + 567 = 1234567

Notes

• Some cultures use a dot as the decimal point, and a comma or a space as the thousands seperator. Other cultures use the comma as the decimal point, and a dot or a space as the thousands seperator. {ki'o} is always the thousands seperator, and {pi} is always the decimal point (or the radix point in other number bases).

Issues

• CLL chapter 18, example 3.10 looks like an error: there are only 3 "pa" and 3 "one", yet 4 "1"

• Needs definition for usage in fractional part

• Needs definition for more than 3 following PA1s
  • camxes and jbofihe accept "ki'o papapapa"

• kribacr proposes adapting "ki'o" for non-decimal bases, with integral formula "ve'o A ki'o B vei ju'u C" = A*C^3 + B

cmavo: ma'u (PA3)

Proposed Definition

Positive sign

(together with other digits) this number is positive.

Positive number

(standing alone) this is an unspecified positive number.

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {ni'u}

Proposed Keywords

• positive
• positive sign
• positive number

Usage Examples

li ma'u ci du li mu vu'u re

"+3 equals 5 minus 2"

ma'u bridi cu cusku

"a positive number of predications is expressed"

Notes

None.

Issues

• Needs definition for more than one appearance of "ma'u" and "ni'u"

cmavo: ni'u (PA3)

Proposed Definition

Negative sign

(together with other digits) this number is negative.

Negative number

(standing alone) this is an unspecified negative number.

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {ma'u}

Proposed Keywords

• negative
• negative sign
• negative number

Usage Examples

li ni'u ci du li re vu'u mu

"-3 equals 2 minus 5"

mi ponse ni'u rupnu

"I have a negative amount of money" (i.e. in debt)

Notes

None.

Issues

• See issues of {ma'u}

cmavo: pi (PA3)

Proposed Definition

Radix point

partitions a number into an integral part (to the left of the point) and fractional part (to the right of the point)

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {ki'o}
• {pi'e}

Proposed Keywords

• Radix point
• Decimal point (when used in a base-10 number)

Usage Examples

li no pi mu

0.5

li vai pi rei ju'u vai

0xF.E

Notes

• See notes for {ki'o}.

Issues

None.

cmavo: pi'e (PA3)

Proposed Definition

Compound base separator

partitions a number into parts of different bases

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {pi}
• {ju'u}

Proposed Keywords

• dot (chapter/section seperator)
• slash (date seperator)
• dash (date seperator)
• colon (time seperator)

Usage Examples

li no pi'e bi pi'e pare cu tcika la'e di'u li renopano pi'e bi pi'e xa

"It happened at 00:08:12 on 2010-08-06"

zo pi'e cu se pilno le pabi pi'e pano moi terfendi

"the word "pi'e" is used in Section 18.10"

Notes

• The bases and meanings of each part depend on context. Arithmetics on compound-base numbers is also defined by context.

• Each digit for bases larger than 16 can be expressed using more than one PA, which are then delimited by {pi'e}.

Issues

None.

cmavo: ra'e (PA3)

Proposed Definition

Repeating decimal

digits to the right repeat indefinitely

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {fi'u}

Proposed Keywords

• repeating

Usage Examples

li pa fi'u ci du li pi ra'e ci

"1/3 equals 0.(3)"

li ze fi'u pare du li pi mu bi ra'e ci

"7/12 equals 0.58(3)"

li pa fi'u ze du li pi ra'e pavorebimuze

"1/7 equals 0.(142857)"

Notes

• Should only be used in the fractional part

Issues

• Needs definition when there is no digit to the right.
• I suggest {ra'e} without digits to the right to simply indicate that the number's fractional part is infinite. Example: li pai du li ci pi pavopaxa ra'e — ksion