jbofihe — A Lojban parser
This is available in Debian simply by installing the jbofihe package through apt-get. Ubuntu users might first need to enable universe. Google knows how.
lojban-common - Lojban word-lists
This package installs the standard Lojban word lists into /usr/share/lojban-common. It's available about the same way as jbofihe above.
camxes — A better Lojban parser, written in Java
This package isn't yet available from Debian/Ubuntu. However, it is available via apt.
Add the following lines to your /etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://www.lojban.org/debian/ custom main deb-src http://www.lojban.org/debian/ custom main
Then apt-get update and install away.
Note: That apt-repository is signed by Ted Reed's GnuPG key. You may get warnings about it. In order to tell apt that you trust Ted, do the following:
gpg --recv-key D18C1C64 --keyserver wwwkeys.pgp.net gpg -a --export D18C1C64 | sudo apt-key add -