- First, what the gismu list says:
cilre x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by
method x5 (event/process)
djuno x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 (words
usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying
knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o))
(cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre,
certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)
jimpe x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1
understands (fi) x3 (cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska)
jinvi x1 thinks/opines x2 (opinion) (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on
grounds x4 (words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place) (cf. cmavo list
pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka)
krici x1 believes (without evidence/proof) belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed
about subject x3 ("without evidence" refers to objective external evidence; also gives
credence, has conviction); (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti)
morji x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3
(cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci)
pensi x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/
concept x2 (also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual
(one sense) (= selpei)); (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi,
minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami)
sanji x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/
abstract) (also: x1 knows (of) x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental
processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental
relationships that are not detected by the senses); (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)
sidbo x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker
x3 (also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational); (cf. ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi,
xanri, cmavo list si'o)
slabu x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 (This
can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = theworld,
life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However
slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o);
also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places);
historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)); (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not
the opposite of citno, djuno)
smuni x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 (referential meaning
(=selsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)
sruma x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; (epistemology) (words usable for
epistemology typically have a du'u place); (cf. smadi, birti)
xanri x1 (concept) exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 (also (adjective:)
x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary
does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk
about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist); (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti,
cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo)
- I don't have time right now to go back & locate in the archives some of my earlier attempts to make distinctions with this set. (To be continued) For now, i am going to meditate on the differences, if any between ve jinvi & ve djuno.
- lo si'o veljinvi cu du lo si'o veldjuno (ku'i zo djuno zo jinvi cu frica ma) frica tu'a le tergi'u poi na'ebo le 4moi
- One idea: ve jinvi is su'o broda & ve djuno is so'i broda (or pirau broda?) . Or is it le broda & lo broda? I.e. we opine for reasons, which we can furnish. But what we know, we can't always express fully.
fu'eca'eko'agoi lo'e mibypre cu cilre
.i ko'a morji le se cilre
.i ko'a sanji
.i ko'a morji fi le se sanji
.i ko'a se xanri
.i ko'a se slabu le xanri
.i ko'a se ctuca
.i ko'a krici le te ctuca
.i ko'a lifri je pensi
.i ko'a jimpe le se lifri je se pensi
.i ko'a djuno fo le munje be le se jimpe be ko'a .a le lanzu be ko'afu'o