History: BPFK Section: Tense

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cmavo: cu'e (CUhE)

Proposed Definition

modal ? cu'e is a tense/modal question (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified modal/tense). Specifically, it turns the entire bridi into a question, and requests that the listener provide a tense/modal as an answer. The tense/modal response fills the place where cu'e was in the original bridi and the resulting bridi is the answer offered to the question. To indicate that there is no value that could make that bridi true, use {unknown}. A more extreme rejection of the presuppositions or implicatures involved in a question is to reply with {unknown}.

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords

  • when

Usage Examples

do cu'e se bangu la .lojban.
When did you use Lojban?

.i doi .kapos. do cu'e tadni la .lojban.
Hey Kapos, (have you previously/are you currently/will you) study Lojban

Notes


It is nigh impossible to translate this word into English without using at least three sentences.

Issues


cmavo: nau (CUhE)

Proposed Definition

A time tense, referring to current space/time absolutely. This tense is used to refer to the current time/space and ignores ki and any tenses used already. It is not grammatical to combine nau with any other cmavo in a tense, except by way of a logical or non-logical connection.

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Usage Examples

ni'o nau djedi li bi fa lo mi nu spofu bu'u lo kutytu'a
It is now eight days I have been broken down in the desert.

Notes


Issues



cmavo: ba (PU)

Proposed Definition

A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens after the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of future-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to future-tense in natural languages, or as "after".

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords

  • will
  • going to
  • future-tense

Usage Examples


.i .ei pei mi terve'u lo kukte nabypalne .i lo vecnu de'a lo nicte cu vecnu ba zi lo mentu be li so'u

Should I buy a delicious pizza? The pizza place closed for the night, but is open in about a minute.

Notes

"pizza" could also be a pie, tostada, or any kind of dish wherein the bread is used as a tray for the rest of the ingredients. The translation reflects the intended meaning, and not in any way the actual words in Lojban.

Issues


cmavo: ca (PU)

Proposed Definition

A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens simultaneous to the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of present-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to present-tense in natural languages, or as "concurrent with" or "at the same time as".

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords

  • now
  • is
  • -ing

Usage Examples


la .ko'an. ca tcidu fi le lojbo gerna

Kohan is reading about Lojbanic grammar.

.i pilno so'i denpa bu .i xu mi ca jimpe

It uses many full-stops. Do I understand this?

Notes


Issues

cmavo: pu (PU)

Proposed Definition

before — A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens before the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of past-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to past-tense in natural languages, or as "before".

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Usage Examples


mi pu zi dunda lo ropno rupnu be li re no la .djef.leit. noi finti la purmo noi me la .nintendon.dys. selkei

I gave twenty euros to Jeff Lait the creator of POWDER, which is a game for the Nintendo DS.

Notes

It was actually for the GBA and later got ported to the DS. It's a homebrew roguelike.

Issues


cmavo: ki (KI)

Proposed Definition

tense default — tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base --

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Usage Examples


.i ku'i pu ki ku mi na sanji le du'u do ca mutce gunka tu'a la .penguikon.

Previously, however, I wasn't aware of the fact that you were working hard on Penguicon.

Notes


Issues

cmavo: baba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

will be going to — time tense: will be going to; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


mi baba tavla fo la .lojban. xebe'i la .iutub.

I *future-imperfect conjugation of "to talk"* in Lojban on YouTube.

Notes

I can't translate this.

Issues


cmavo: baca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

will actually — time tense: future actuality; modal aspect --

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Usage Examples


.ui ba'a .ia sai mi'o ba ca'a turni lo terdi gi'a nai pu bo crida binxo
Yay! I expect and greatly believe you and I will actually govern the earth and not have become faeries.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: bapu (PU*)

Proposed Definition

will have been — time tense: will have been; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


mi bapu klama le zarci
I'll have gone to the store.

Notes


Issues



cmavo: ca ma (PU*)

Proposed Definition

A cmavo compound time tense relation/direction. Asks with what the main bridi is concurrent, similar to English "when?". See entries (ca) and (ma).

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords

  • when

Usage Examples


do mo'u cilre fo le balcu'e ca ma
When will you be finished/When did you finish learning at Uni?

Notes


Issues


cmavo: caca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

currently is — time tense: present actuality; modal aspect --

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Usage Examples


.i .oi mi ca ca'a nitcu lo nu cliva .i co'o ro do
Oh dang! I actually need to leave right now. Bye everybody!

Notes


Issues


cmavo: cajeba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

during and after — time tense: during and after; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


.i ro ko ca je ba gleki .a'o
Everybody be happy and keep being happy!

Notes


Issues



cmavo: puba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

was going to — time tense: was going to; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


do pu cusku lo se du'u do pu ba klama
You had said that you were going to go.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

actually was — time tense: past actuality; modal aspect --

Proposed Tag


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Usage Examples


.i mi pu ca'a djica lo nu fatne kei mu'i lo nu mi na tugni do
I actually wanted the opposite because I don't agree with you.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: pujeba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

before and after — time tense: before and after; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


ko pilno la mymbl pu je ba lonu litru
Use Mumble before and after travelling.

.i mi pu je ba gletu lo mamta be do
I have and will have sex with your mother.

le pu je ba nolraitru
The once and future king!

Notes


Yes, actual usage. Yes, this is ridiculous.

Issues


cmavo: pujeca (PU*)

Proposed Definition

before and during — time tense: before and during; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


mi pu je ca ca'o citka lei grasu patlu
I was an am now in the process of eating the greasy potatoes.

Notes


Context seems to make a big difference in translating. -_-

Issues


cmavo: pupu (PU*)

Proposed Definition

had earlier been — time tense: had earlier been; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


mi pupu citka ri'a lo nu mi pu sipna
I had earlier been eating because I slept.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puza (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a medium time before — time tense: a medium time before; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


mi puza cikna binxo .i xu do bazi sipna binxo
I got up a bit ago. Are you going to sleep shortly?

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puze'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for a period in past — time tense: for a medium length interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


fi mi puze'a reroi cpedu fe le nu sidju le remna poi na slabu mi ku'o le nu cikre le ry. skami .uanai .ue

Twice, each for a decent time, I was asked to help the stranger fix eir computer. Ugh.

Notes


(original said "fa le nu", which didn't seem right - originally quoted from rlp)

Issues


cmavo: puze'i (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for a moment in past — time tense: for a short interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


.i mi puze'i tadni la lojban.
I studied Lojban for a short time.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puze'u (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for an era in past — time tense: for a long interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


mi bazi cliva mu'i lenu mi puze'u denpa
I am leaving shortly because I have been waiting for a long time.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puzi (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a short time before — time tense: a short time before; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


mi puzi cusku lu .uinai vi'o li'u
I had just said, "Ugh, will do.".

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puzu (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a long time before — time tense: a long time before; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples


mi'a puzu finti ca lonu mi mutce na'e certu
You, me, and everybody else created stuff when they weren't very good.

Notes


Issues


General Section Issues


Why aren't all of the PU je PU and PU-ZEhA entries in here? I think we're missing cajepu, baze'a, anything with ze'i/ze'u, etc. Do we even really need to include PU* in this list? -lindar

History

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Information Version
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:33 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 23
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:33 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 22
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:31 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 21
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:30 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 20
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:29 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 19
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:28 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Fixed formatting issue with example. 18
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:22 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Removed "incurably untranslatable example", as it's pointless to include examples without an understandable translation. 17
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:19 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Fixed formatting issues. 16
Tue 05 of Oct, 2010 07:51 GMT lindarthebard from 32.174.229.195 15
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 08:09 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 14
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:37 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 13
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:37 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 12
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:36 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 11
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:36 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 10
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:35 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 9
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:34 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 8
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:34 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 7
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:33 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 6
Tue 07 of Sep, 2010 06:28 GMT eyeonus from 96.18.103.113 5
Tue 22 of Jun, 2010 05:19 GMT lindarthebard from 32.175.211.63 4
Tue 22 of Jun, 2010 01:49 GMT lindarthebard from 173.196.20.139 Added definitions for ba, pu, and ca. 3
Sun 20 of Jun, 2010 23:29 GMT rlpowell from 64.81.66.169 2
Wed 17 of Nov, 2004 02:37 GMT rlpowell from 64.81.49.171 1
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