History: BPFK Section: Aspect

Preview of version: 9

Proposed Definitions

ba'o
Perfective aspect. It indicates that a situation is over, no longer taking place.


ze'a lo nanca be li so'i ba'o jamna i ku'i za'o cortu
The war has been over for years, but the pain is still with us.

ca'o
Progressive aspect. It indicates that a situation is in progress, ongoing.


la mairas ca'o tcidu lo cukta ca lo nu lo fonxa cu janbe
Myra was reading a book when the phone rang.

co'a
Initiative aspect. It indicates that a situation is at its outset, just beginning.


ti'u li ji'ipaxa ge co'a manku binxo
gi lo selba'e pe la fred co'a tilju zenba
It was around 4 pm when it started getting dark
and Fred's axe was starting to get heavier.

co'i
Punctual aspect. It indicates that a situation takes place at one moment in time, without duration.


lo nu ko'a co'i vlipa cu revgau lo gugde be lo elfe bei
bu'u la midju terdi co'u lo nu co'i daspo la turni djine
Their power maintained the realms of the Elves in Middle-earth
until the destruction of the Ruling Ring

co'u
Cessative aspect. It indicates that a situation is at its termination, ending. In the case of a process, it may or may not be completed (cf. 'mo'u').


lo prali be fi lo cteki pikta ba za lo nanca be li ci cu co'u banro
Interest on the tax certificates stops accruing after three years.

de'a
Pausative aspect. It indicates that a situation is interrupted, temporarily suspended.


ja'e lo xlamau mi ze'a lo masti be li ji'ixa cu
de'a sai lumci lo mi flira fo lo mokau jisygau
To make things worse, I pretty much stopped washing
my face with any kind of cleanser for about six months.

di'a
Resumptive aspect. It indicates that a situation is being resumed after a pause.


ta'e ji'ireroi ritli lo traji smaji pu lo
nu la garofalos di'a tavla lo vitke
There's usually a beat or two of deadly silence
before Garofalo resumes talking to the guest.

mo'u
Completitive aspect. It indicates that a situation is at its natural ending point, becoming complete.


ro tcidu cu frica fi lo ka mo'u finti le lisri
Each reader completes the novel in a different way.

pu'o
Prospective aspect. It indicates that a situation is about to take place, not yet realized.


le kulnu be lo pruxa'u natmi cu ze'u pu'o daspo canci
The culture of the indigenous peoples was for a long
time on the verge of being eradicated.

za'o
Superfective aspect. It indicates that a situation is beyond its natural ending point, still taking place.


mi'a ponse le kesma'e noi pa'arcau selcfi i ky traji lo ka malkelci
kei la starflit i lo matra za'o po'urbi'o i lo santa za'o fliba
Here we had this hopeless lemon of a starship - the biggest
piece of shit in Starfleet: engines that kept breaking down,
shields that kept failing.

Notes


Some of the names of the aspects are changed with respect to CLL, in an attempt to get closer to a more standard terminology:

  • inchoative -> prospective (As far as I can tell, other than in Lojban "inchoative" seems to describe {co'a} rather than {pu'o}.)
  • continuitive -> progressive ("continuitive" seems to be used for an aspect that emphasizes continuation after a stage of ongoingness, so perhaps closer to {za'o}.)
  • cessitive -> cessative (Typo in CLL?)
  • achievative -> punctual (I don't know where "achievative" comes from.)


History

Information Version
Wed 03 of Sep, 2014 20:58 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 Adding "cmavo: " before the cmavo title. 58
Thu 21 of Aug, 2014 13:30 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 Formatting and replacing all those "(approximately)==" with "~=" (looks cleaner this way) 57
Thu 21 of Aug, 2014 11:17 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 {ba'o} is the retrospective aspect. Added as a keyword. 56
Thu 21 of Aug, 2014 11:15 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 Adding "inchoative" as a keyword. 55
Thu 21 of Aug, 2014 11:13 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 "completitive" -> "completive" 54
Thu 21 of Aug, 2014 11:04 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 Formal defs + word links. 53
Thu 21 of Aug, 2014 10:54 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 Moving {pu'o} right below {ba'o}. 52
Thu 21 of Aug, 2014 10:52 GMT Ilmen from 95.210.209.219 Template + formal defs 51
Sun 08 of Jun, 2014 19:13 GMT mukti from 216.194.27.154 50
Sat 07 of Jun, 2014 17:25 GMT Ilmen from 37.1.168.197 Adding boxes around the Notes and Issues sections 49
Sat 07 of Jun, 2014 17:21 GMT Ilmen from 37.1.168.197 Final step in fixing the formatting of examples. 48
Sat 07 of Jun, 2014 16:50 GMT Ilmen from 37.1.168.197 Examples formatting 47
Sat 07 of Jun, 2014 16:45 GMT Ilmen from 37.1.168.197 Box formatting added, now fixing the formatting of examples 46
Sat 07 of Jun, 2014 16:40 GMT Ilmen from 37.1.168.197 45
Thu 18 of Oct, 2012 22:05 GMT xorxes from 201.253.223.96 perfective -> perfect 44
Sat 30 of Apr, 2011 16:59 GMT xorxes from 190.136.120.118 43
Thu 23 of Dec, 2010 07:58 GMT lindarthebard from 32.174.129.118 42
Tue 16 of Nov, 2010 00:52 GMT lindarthebard from 166.135.59.236 41
Wed 27 of Oct, 2010 04:20 GMT lindarthebard from 32.172.55.185 40
Tue 26 of Oct, 2010 09:52 GMT lindarthebard from 166.191.143.213 39
Tue 25 of May, 2004 02:56 GMT admin from 64.81.49.171 38
Sun 16 of May, 2004 00:59 GMT xorxes from 200.43.213.82 37
Fri 14 of May, 2004 22:24 GMT xorxes from 200.43.74.126 36
Fri 14 of May, 2004 18:18 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 33
Thu 13 of May, 2004 14:56 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 28
Thu 06 of May, 2004 03:19 GMT xorxes from 200.69.6.167 25
Wed 05 of May, 2004 19:53 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 23
Wed 05 of May, 2004 19:32 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 22
Sun 02 of May, 2004 00:09 GMT xorxes from 200.61.55.161 20
Sat 01 of May, 2004 23:36 GMT xorxes from 200.61.55.161 19
Sat 01 of May, 2004 22:57 GMT xorxes from 200.61.59.159 18
Sat 01 of May, 2004 01:04 GMT xorxes from 200.69.6.34 13
Fri 30 of Apr, 2004 23:12 GMT xorxes from 200.69.6.34 11
Wed 14 of Apr, 2004 22:14 GMT xorxes from 200.69.6.24 9
Wed 14 of Apr, 2004 19:42 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 7
Tue 13 of Apr, 2004 23:29 GMT xorxes from 200.69.6.24 6
Tue 13 of Apr, 2004 15:17 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 5
Tue 13 of Apr, 2004 00:39 GMT xorxes from 200.69.6.48 4
Tue 13 of Apr, 2004 00:08 GMT xorxes from 200.69.6.48 3
Wed 10 of Mar, 2004 16:42 GMT xorxes from 200.49.74.2 2