History: BPFK Section: Discursives

Source of version: 44 (current)

!Prior Usage and Discussion !! ''da'i'' as an intensional marker It has been suggested ([http://www.lojban.org/lists/jboske/msg00844.html|Jboske thread]) that da'i be used as a marker of intensionality (as opposed to the default Lojban way of extensional reference). The new construal of ''lo'' as entailing intensionality makes this position irrelevant today. !!''da'i'' as a counterfactual marker The CLL refers to ''da'i'' and ''da'i nai'' as words that can disambiguate between a factual and a counterfactual reading of a sentence. Hence, it is implied that a sentence that is intended as counterfactual, need not be marked. The ''only'' example of ''da'i'' in CLL is one that puts ''da'i'' in the ''antecedent'' of an implication. ''ganai da'i do viska le mi citno mensi gi ju'o do djuno le du'u ri pazvau'' %%% If you were to see my younger sister, you would certainly know she is pregnant. The semantics of this are more or less transparent: ''da'i'' points out a potential counterfactuality of the clause beginning with "ga nai". ''da'i'' is generally conceived of as a rough equivalent to the subjunctive in natural languages. John Parks-Clifford ((Conditionals|recognises)) ''da'i'' as a de facto antecedent marker in subjunctive clauses. John Cowan has criticised this viewpoint, referring to it as "mere attitudinal wafflings". ([http://nuzban.wiw.org/archive/9402/msg00001.html|ref]) !!The scope of ''da'i'' It is generally agreed that ''da'i'' __can__ affect the factuality of sub-clauses. ([http://nuzban.wiw.org/archive/9402/msg00006.html|ref]) In other words, no evidence can be found of proponents of the view that insertion of ''da'i'' somewhere in the non-first position of the bridi renders the entire bridi non-factual. ''da'i'' is a UI, which means that it follows the same interpretive convention as other UI: it affects the entire sentence if it is the first word; otherwise, it affects the word immediately to the left, and if that word is the head of a clause, the entire clause is affected. !!Usage !!! ''da'i'' as a marker of a hypothetical antecedent ''ru'a ganai da'i do ba citka lo smani gi ri na jmive'' %%% Presumably, if you were to eat a monkey, it would not be alive. !!! ''da'i'' as a marker of a hypothetical consequent (erroneous) ''i da'i le ve xrani cu ba dukse'' %%% [[If that were to happen], the damage would be too great. ''.i bai le nu mi fanva kei mi cu da'i cusku zo pagbu .enai zo porpi .i ku'i mi pilno le se cusku be do'' %%% Compelled by me translating, I would say "pagbu" instead of "porpi". But I use what you said. ''(The discussion was about the translation of the IRC nick "fracture".)'' <xod> ''da'i trina lo nalglico selbangu''%%% <xorxes> ''i a'o go'i''%%% Xod: Suppose we'd attract speakers of non-English languages.%%% Jorge: I hope so.%%% (A discussion about the lojban-es mailing list.) ;i zo su'i binxo da'i zo sumji:''The word "su'i" would become "sumji".'' !!!''da'i'' used outside of implications ''lonu da'i la betis. klama le te salci cu vajni lenu la bil. gleki'' %%% Betty's coming to the celebration was important for Bill being happy. ;mi na jimpe le krinu be le si'o ko'a goi le da'i cecmu pe la and. joi la xorxes cu nitcu le'i catni selcmi:''I don't understand why And and Jorge's supposed community needs the official membership organisations.'' ;to da'i da na djica le nu le zgike kagni cu ricfu vau po'o toi:''No-one would want music companies to be rich, and nothing else.'' !!! Issues [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cd4f3efaa6acf830|here] and [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/204062aa4f05b6a9|here]. !Proposed Definitions And Examples {BOX()} !! cmavo: ba'u (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that something is an exaggeration. This word comprises a scale, along with "ba'u cu'i" and "ba'u nai". See also ba'u cu'i, ba'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {satci} * {dukse} !!! Proposed Keywords * exaggeration (discursive) * hyperbole (discursive) * overstatement (discursive) * I exaggerate !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;ba'u le festi derxi cu simsa la tcomolunmas. lo ni barda:''The pile of garbage is as big as Mount Everest.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ba'u cu'i (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that something is accurately expressed (ie. neither an exaggeration nor overstatement). This word comprises a scale, along with "ba'u" and "ba'u nai". See also ba'u, ba'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * accuracy (discursive) * to be precise !!! Usage Examples ;.i ba'ucu'i mi bai cliva:''To be precise, I go, because I am forced to.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ba'u nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that something is an understatement. This word comprises a scale, along with "ba'u" and "ba'u cu'i". See also ba'u, ba'u cu'i, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * understatement (discursive) * to put it mildly !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;ba'u nai le lunra cu na cmalu:''To put it mildly, the Moon is not small.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: bi'u (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to flag constructs as introducing new information. This word comprises a scale, along with "bi'u nai". See also bi'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * new information (discursive) !!! Usage Examples ;.i bi'u mi terpa lo nu klama fu lo vinji:''Now, it so happens that I'm afraid of flying.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: bi'u nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to flag constructs as expressing old or already known information. This word comprises a scale, along with "bi'u". See also bi'u, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * old information (discursive) * aforementioned * aforesaid * said !!! Usage Examples ;.i bi'unai mi terpa:''As earlier mentioned, I was afraid.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: da'i (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark the discourse as possibly taking a non-real-world viewpoint. This word comprises a scale, along with "da'i nai". See also da'i nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {sruma} !!! Proposed Keywords * supposing * by hypothesis * by conjecture * hypothesizing * conjecturing !!! Usage Examples ;le tadji be la xorxes cu da'i ba rinka le nu ro pu me zo lo cu jursa ke smuni binxo:''Jorge's method would cause all previous occurrences of "lo" to severely change meaning.'' ;le nu da'i da tirna mi cu mukti le nu mi skicu le jibri menli bo tolcertu:''If someone would listen to me, I'd tell about the idiots at work.'' ;no'i ji'a lo nu da'i do cusku lu ke broda brode ke'e cei ke brodi brodo li'u cu rinka lo nu do palci vau zo'o:''Returning to the previous topic; you would also be evil if you were to say "ke broda brode ke'e cei ke brodi brodo".'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: da'i nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark the discourse as taking a real-world viewpoint. This word comprises a scale, along with "da'i nai". See also da'i, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * actually * really * in actuality !!! Usage Examples ;da'inai mi milxe bilma:''I am actually a bit sick.'' ''le si'o sidju cu cinri mi .i ku'i da'inai du'eda cuntu mi'' %%% The concept of helping appeals to me. But in actuality, I already have too much on my plate. {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: do'a (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that something is broadly construed. This word comprises a scale, along with "do'a nai". See also do'a nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {dunda} !!! Proposed Keywords * generously (discursive) * broadly construed !!! Usage Examples ;.i .y. do'a milxe plika'e:''Broadly construed, it's, uh, slightly useful.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: do'a nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that something is narrowly construed. This word comprises a scale, along with "do'a". See also do'a, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * parsimoniously (discursive) * narrowly construed * at least !!! Usage Examples ;i ku'i so'e skami pilno cu milxe do'anai ke glico se bangu:''But most computer users know '''a little''' English.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: je'u (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that something is true/a matter of fact, or that a statement is tautological. This word comprises a scale, along with "je'u nai". See also je'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {jetnu} !!! Proposed Keywords * truth (discursive) * in fact * as a matter of fact * actually * really * in reality !!! Usage Examples ;je'u ckakla:''I'm going to bed for real.'' ;.ue doi .bancus. mi pu krici lo du'u do se bloti lo je'u te falnu:''Aha, Bancus, I thought that the boat for carrying you were in fact sail-powered.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: je'u nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express falsity or that something is meant to be ironic. This word comprises a scale, along with "je'u". See also je'u, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * falsity (discursive) * contradictorily (discursive) * so-called !!! Usage Examples ;le je'unai palci cu xanri le menli poi na jimpe le manku sevzi:''This so-called "evil" is something that is thought up by minds who do not understand the dark self.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ke'u (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that something is a repetition or rephrasing of something expressed earlier, in other words, that the content is the same as that of something previously expressed. This word comprises a scale, along with "ke'u nai". See also ke'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {refbasna} * {krefu} * {rapli} * {velde'a} !!! Proposed Keywords * repeating (discursive) * again (discursive) !!! Usage Examples ;coi ke'u:''Again, hello.'' ;.ienai ke'u:''I told you, I disagree.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ke'u nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that something is different from something expressed earlier. This word comprises a scale, along with "ke'u". See also ke'u, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * continuing (discursive) * furthermore !!! Usage Examples ;.i ke'u nai tezu'e lo nu jinga fi la ganyn kei la link cikre le bi fatri spisa be le cibmakfa pe lo ka prije tezu'e lo nu ponse le makfa cibjgatai:''Furthermore, in order to defeat Ganon, Link mends the eight scattered fragments of the triforce of wisdom, in order to hgave the magic triangle.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: la'a (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express probability. Indicates that the speaker regards the referent of the construct as probable. This word comprises a scale, along with "la'a nai". See also la'a nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {lakne} !!! Proposed Keywords * probably * likely * in all likelihood !!! Usage Examples ;.i le mensi be mi ca xabju la boston ja'e le nu la'a mi vitke fi le se diklo:''My sister lives in Boston, hence, I'll likely visit the area.'' ;la'a le vukrygu'e tcini cu ba se jalge lo nu panpi ku'i:''What's happening in Ukraine will probably result in peace, however.'' ;la'a na go'i:''That's probably not so.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: la'a nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express improbability. Indicates that the speaker regards the referent of the construct as improbable. This word comprises a scale, along with "la'a". See also la'a nai, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * improbability (discursive) * unlikely !!! Usage Examples ;i ku'i la'a nai su'o da cizra ro de ro di:''But it is unlikely that something is strange to everyone in every way.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: li'a (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express obviousness. Indicates that the speaker regards the referent of the construct as obvious. This word comprises a scale, along with "li'a nai". See also li'a nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {jmifrili} !!! Proposed Keywords * clearly * obviously !!! Usage Examples ;li'a la cein noi samjundi slilu cu jai fenki:''Shane, who goes off and on attending the computer, is obviously crazy.'' ;li'a la lojban zmadu la postskript lo ka frili:''Clearly, Lojban is easier than Postscript.'' ;.i li'a mi na viska ro marna pilno .i ku'i lo zasni nu bebna cu se rinka lo nu pilno lo marna .i ro prenu cu djuno la'e di'u:''Of course, I haven't seen all marijuana users. But marijuana use causes temporary stupidity. Everyone knows that.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: li'a nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express obscureness. Indicates that the speaker regards the referent of the construct as obscure (ie. difficult to understand). This word comprises a scale, along with "li'a". See also li'a, the preface. !!! See Also * {li'a} * {jminandu} !!! Proposed Keywords * obscurely !!! Usage Examples ;li'anai go'i je'e:''Right, I see. But it's complicated.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: mu'a (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to flag a construct as an example. This word comprises a scale, along with "mu'a cu'i" and "mu'a nai". See also mu'a cu'i, mu'a nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {mupli} !!! Proposed Keywords * for example * for instance * e.g. !!! Usage Examples ;mu'a lo tcima:''Weather, for instance.'' ;.i mu'a lo prenu poi xadni nitcu lo xalka cu kakne le nu morsi ri'a le nu na pinxe:''For instance, people who physically have to have alcohol can die from not drinking.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: mu'a cu'i (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express that examples are being omitted. This word comprises a scale, along with "mu'a" and "mu'a nai". See also mu'a, mu'a nai, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * omitting examples !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;so'u prenu mu'a cu'i cu rivbi lo nu nicygau le kumfa:''A few people (I'm not telling who) have not cleaned up the room.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: mu'a nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as a concluding example. This word comprises a scale, along with "mu'a" and "mu'a cu'i". See also mu'a, mu'a cu'i, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * and such !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;mi pu citka lo vrici grute no'u mu'a lo plise .e lo badna mu'a nai .i ji'a mi pu citka re patlu:''I ate different fruits like apples and bananas and such. I also ate two potatoes.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: pa'e (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express justness or impartiality. This word comprises a scale, along with "pa'e nai". See also pa'e nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {tcinydracu'a} * {tcinydrapai} * {vudypai} !!! Proposed Keywords * justness (discursive) * impartially !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;pa'e le skina cu mutce xlali:''My unbiased opinion is that the movie is awful.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: pa'e nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express prejudice, bias, or partiality. This word comprises a scale, along with "pa'e". See also pa'e, the preface. !!! Proposed Keywords * prejudice (discursive) * partiality !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;pa'e nai la lojban. je'u xamgu:''Of course I'm biased, but Lojban really is quite good.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: pau (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as a non-rhetorical question, that is, a question that is supposed to be answered. This word comprises a scale, along with "pau". See also pau, the preface. !!! See Also * {xu} * {pei} * {ma} * {mo} * {xo} * {cu'e} * {fi'a} * {ji} * {je'i} * {gi'i} * {gu'i} !!! Proposed Keywords * question: * tell me !!! Usage Examples ;pau do te preti lo se du'u ma krinu lo nu balvi kei ji lo nu pilno kei:''You are asking about something that is the reason for something happening in the future, and/or a usage. What is that reason, and is it for something happening in the future, a usage, or both?'' ;ku'i le se badri cu na cliva mi'a .i ze'e go'i .i ki'u ma pau:''But the sad things don't go away. They never do. Why is that so?'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: pau nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as a rhetorical question, that is, a question that is not supposed to be answered. This word comprises a scale, along with "pau". See also pau, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * rhetorical question: !!! Usage Examples ;.i do tavla fi ma pau nai:''What are you talking about?!'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ra'u (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as being relatively high in importance. This word comprises a scale, along with "ra'u cu'i" and "ra'u nai". See also ra'u cu'i, ra'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {ralju} * {vajni} !!! Proposed Keywords * above all * primarily * chiefly !!! Usage Examples ;.i go'i fa ra'u le nunfanva cipra jufra pe le fanmo be ro te ctuca pagbu:''Above all, the translation exercises at the end of each chapter are.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ra'u cu'i (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as being of equal importance. This word comprises a scale, along with "ra'u" and "ra'u nai". See also ra'u, ra'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * equally important !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;le xe flalu cu te mukti lo nu lo ninmu cu se jibri lo se gunka poi pu steci lo nanmu .i ra'u cu'i le xe flalu cu te mukti lo nu lo nanmu cu se jibri lo se gunka poi pu steci lo ninmu:''The lawgivers wanted women to work in traditionally male occupations. Equally importantly, the lawgivers wanted men to work in traditionally female occupations.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ra'u nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as being relatively low in importance. This word comprises a scale, along with "ra'u" and "ra'u cu'i". See also ra'u, ra'u cu'i, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * incidentally !!! Usage Examples ;ra'u nai mi djuno le du'u zoi u rlpowell u na cmevla:''Incidentally, I know that "rlpowell" is not a Lojban name.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: sa'e (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express exactness. This word comprises a scale, along with "sa'e nai". See also sa'e nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {satci} * {ba'u cu'i} * {jibni} !!! Proposed Keywords * precisely speaking * to be precise * to be exact !!! Usage Examples ;sa'e mi pinxe lo xunre vanju:''To be precise, I drank red wine.'' ;je'e .i mi na jimpe sa'e fi le cfila:''Okay. To be precise, it is understanding the flaws that I don't.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: sa'e nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express inexactness. This word comprises a scale, along with "sa'e". See also sa'e, the preface. !!! See Also * {ji'i} * {ba'u} * {ba'u nai} !!! Proposed Keywords * roughly * approximately !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;sa'e nai lo mikce cu cikre lo prenu:''Roughly speaking, a doctor repairs people.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: sa'u (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as being simply put. This word comprises a scale, along with "sa'u nai". See also sa'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {sampu} * {pluja} !!! Proposed Keywords * simply speaking * simply put !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;sa'u lo remna cu gunma lo so'i selci:''Simply put, a human being is an aggregate of many cells.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: sa'u nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as being an elaboration. This word comprises a scale, along with "sa'u". See also sa'u, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * furthermore !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;sa'u nai ro selci be lo remna cu cmima pa lo so'i klesi:''Furthermore, each cell in the human body belongs to one out of many classes.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ta'o (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as digressive. This word comprises a scale, along with "ta'o nai". See also ta'o nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {ni'o} * {denpa} * {cneterta'a} !!! Proposed Keywords * by the way * incidentally !!! Usage Examples ;ta'o xu do se cmene zo robin. ji'a:''By the way, are you called Robin as well?'' ;ta'o mi caca'o citka lo stasu belo dembi:''By the way, I am eating a bean stew right now.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: ta'o nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express a return to main point. This word comprises a scale, along with "ta'o". See also ta'o, the preface. !!! See Also * {no'i} !!! Proposed Keywords * back to the point !!! Usage Examples ;.i ta'onai mi ca jimpe tu'a zo marji .i .e'u pilno lu marce vorme li'u:''But back to the point; I now understand the word "material". I suggest using "vehicle door".'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: to'u (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express brevity. This word comprises a scale, along with "to'u nai". See also to'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {tordu} * {clani} * {tcidu} !!! Proposed Keywords * shortly * in brief * in short !!! Usage Examples ;.i to'u ko ca troci tu'a la dikt:''In short, try Dict.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: to'u nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to express elaborateness. This word comprises a scale, along with "to'u". See also to'u, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * in detail * elaborately !!! Usage Examples ;.i to'unai mi pensi le smuni be lu ko no'e zasti li'u:''In detail, I'm considering the meaning of the command "exist somewhat".'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: va'i (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as a reformulation. This word comprises a scale, along with "va'i nai". See also va'i nai, the preface. !!! See Also !!! Proposed Keywords * in other words * put differently * to rephrase !!! Usage Examples ;va'i do tugni mi xu:''In other words, you agree with me?'' ;.i va'i mu'i ma do cusku lo judri:''To rephrase, why did you say an address?'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: va'i nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as a verbatim repetition. This word comprises a scale, along with "va'i". See also va'i, the preface. !!! See Also * {si'a} !!! Proposed Keywords * in their exact words * as they put it !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed examples follow: ;do co'a mutce tatpi .i va'i nai do co'a mutce tatpi:''You are feeling very tired. Yes, you are feeling very tired.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: zu'u (UI3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as representing one viewpoint. This word comprises a scale, along with "zu'u nai". See also zu'u nai, the preface. !!! See Also * {ku'i} * {si'a} * {karbi} * {frica} * {dukti} !!! Proposed Keywords * on the one hand !!! Usage Examples None found. Constructed example follow: ;zu'u le stuzi cu jai tolkargu .i zu'u nai ri glare dukse:''On the one hand, the place is cheap. On the other hand, it's too hot.'' {BOX} {BOX()} !! cmavo: zu'u nai (UI*3) !!! Proposed Definition Discursive. Used to mark a construct as representing another, contrasting viewpoint. This word comprises a scale, along with "zu'u". See also zu'u, the preface. !!! See Also * {ku'i} !!! Proposed Keywords * on the other hand !!! Usage Examples ;.i zu'u nai le degji pi so'e roi te ganse jdika ri'a lo nu mi to'e xamgu sipna:''On the other hand, my fingers usually get numb when I haven't slept well.'' {BOX} ! Notes The most contentious part of this section seems to be the definition of ''da'i''. ''da'i'' is different from the other discursives, because it may be irrealis -- the definition seems to affect the truth-functional meaning of the sentence in which it occurs. ! Impact ''da'i'' is sanctioned as a marker of the ''antecedent'' in subjunctive clauses. Prior usage that ties ''da'i'' to the ''consequent'' of the subjunctive clause is deemed erroneous. ! Poll {POLL(pollId=>26)}BPFK Poll: Discursives{POLL}