Proposed Definitions And Examples

Proposed Definition of ca'a

ca'a (CAhA)

actually is — A modal aspect indicating actuality or an ongoing event.

• Keywords: "is", "actually", "currently"

Examples of ca'a Usage

.i su'a lo na krici cu zasti .i'a .i ku'i mi bende cu ca'a gunka

"Well, there's certainly going to be those who doubt us, but our team is proving themselves through their work."

Proposed Definition of ka'e

ka'e (CAhA)

innately capable of — A modal aspect indicating innate capability, but not whether or not something has happened.

• Keywords: "could", "capable of", "can", "potentially"

Examples of ka'e Usage

.i do ka'e pilno lo tanru i ku'i na satci

"You can use tanru, but they're not precise."

Proposed Definition of na'epu'i

na'epu'i (CAhA*)

has never — A modal aspect indicating an inability, or that something has never happened. (lit. "something other than a demonstrated ability")

• Keywords: "has never", "can't"

Examples of na'epu'i Usage

.i mi la lisp. nelci .i ku'i mi na'epu'i pu pilno ri

"I like lisp, but I have never previously used it."

Proposed Definition of nu'o

nu'o (CAhA)

can but has not — A modal aspect indicating capability but unrealised potential. (Similar to "ka'e" but indicating that the action indeed has not taken place.)

• Keywords: "could" "can but has not" "can but hasn't"

Examples of nu'o Usage

.i mi nu'o se darxi fo lo stedu

"I am capable of being, but have never been, struck on the head."

Proposed Definition of pu'i

pu'i (CAhA)

can and has — A modal aspect indicating capability through demonstration. (Similar to "ka'e" but indicating that the action indeed has taken place.)

• Keywords: "can and has", "did"

Examples of pu'i Usage

.i .uinai xu tu'a le midju donri ke smaji pu'i cfari

"The mid-day calm has started."

Notes

Why is only na'epu'i defined, but no other CAhA with to'e/na'e/na/nai? -lindar

Impact