History: BPFK Section: Tense

Preview of version: 40

cmavo: cu'e (CUhE)

Proposed Definition

modal ? cu'e is a tense/modal question (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified modal/tense). Specifically, it turns the entire bridi into a question, and requests that the listener provide a tense/modal as an answer. The tense/modal response fills the place where cu'e was in the original bridi and the resulting bridi is the answer offered to the question. To indicate that there is no value that could make that bridi true, use {fi'o me zi'o}. A more extreme rejection of the presuppositions or implicatures involved in a question is to reply with {na'i}.

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords

  • when

Usage Examples

do cu'e se bangu la .lojban.
When did you use Lojban?

.i doi .kapos. do cu'e tadni la .lojban.
Hey Kapos, (have you previously/are you currently/will you) study Lojban

Notes


It is nigh impossible to translate this word into English without using at least three sentences.

Issues


cmavo: nau (CUhE)

Proposed Definition

A time tense, referring to current space/time absolutely. This tense is used to refer to the current time/space and ignores ki and any tenses used already. It is not grammatical to combine nau with any other cmavo in a tense, except by way of a logical or non-logical connection.

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords

  • now

Usage Examples

ni'o nau djedi li bi fa lo mi nu spofu bu'u lo kutytu'a
It is now eight days I have been broken down in the desert.

Notes


Issues



cmavo: ba (PU)

Proposed Definition

A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens after the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of future-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to future-tense in natural languages, or as "after".

Proposed Tag


See Also

  • {ca}
  • {pu}
  • {balvi}

Proposed Keywords

  • will
  • going to
  • future-tense

Usage Examples

.i .ei pei mi terve'u lo kukte pitnanba .i lo vecnu de'a lo nicte cu vecnu ba zi lo mentu be li so'u
"Should I buy a delicious pizza? The pizza place closed for the night, but is open in about a minute."

.i xu ro cmene be lo gugde ba se vasru la jbovlaste
"Every country name will be in Jbovlaste?"

Notes

Issues


cmavo: ca (PU)

Proposed Definition

A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens simultaneous to the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of present-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to present-tense in natural languages, or as "concurrent with" or "at the same time as".

Proposed Tag


See Also

  • {ba}
  • {pu}
  • {cabna}

Proposed Keywords

  • is
  • -ing

Usage Examples

.i la .ko'an. ca tcidu fi le lojbo gerna
"Kohan is reading about Lojbanic grammar."

.i pilno so'i denpa bu .i xu mi ca jimpe
"It uses many full-stops. Do I understand this?"

Notes


Issues

cmavo: pu (PU)

Proposed Definition

before — A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens before the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of past-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to past-tense in natural languages, or as "before".

Proposed Tag


See Also

  • {ba}
  • {ca}
  • {purci}

Proposed Keywords

  • was
  • before
  • past-tense

Usage Examples

mi pu zi dunda lo ropno rupnu be li re no la .djef.leit. noi finti la purmo noi me la .nintendon.dys. selkei
"I gave twenty euros to Jeff Lait, the creator of POWDER, which is a game for the Nintendo DS."

.i do pu cusku lu la cizra cu palci li'u
"You said, 'The Stranger is evil'."

Notes

It was actually for the GBA and later got ported to the DS. It's a homebrew roguelike.

  • I don't believe this has anything to do with the definition. POWDER was also ported to the PSP after the DS port.

Issues


cmavo: ki (KI)

Proposed Definition

tense default — tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples

.i ku'i pu ki ku mi na sanji le du'u do ca mutce gunka tu'a la .penguikon.
"Previously, however, I wasn't aware of the fact that you were working hard on Penguicon."

Notes


Issues

cmavo: baba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

will be going to — A time tense relation/direction. The 'durational future aspect'.

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples

mi baba tavla fo la .lojban. xebe'i la .iutub.
"I will be going to talk in Lojban on YouTube."

Notes

I can't translate this.

Issues


cmavo: baca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

will actually — time tense: future actuality; modal aspect --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


.ui ba'a .ia sai mi'o ba ca'a turni lo terdi gi'a nai pu bo crida binxo
Yay! I expect and greatly believe you and I will actually govern the earth and not have become faeries.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: bapu (PU*)

Proposed Definition

will have been — time tense: will have been; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


mi bapu klama le zarci
I'll have gone to the store.

Notes


Issues



cmavo: ca ma (PU*)

Proposed Definition

A cmavo compound time tense relation/direction. Asks with what the main bridi is concurrent, similar to English "when?". See entries (ca) and (ma).

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords

  • when

Usage Examples


do mo'u cilre fo le balcu'e ca ma
When will you be finished/When did you finish learning at Uni?

Notes


Issues


cmavo: caca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

currently is — time tense: present actuality; modal aspect --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


.i .oi mi ca ca'a nitcu lo nu cliva .i co'o ro do
Oh dang! I actually need to leave right now. Bye everybody!

Notes


Issues


cmavo: cajeba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

during and after — time tense: during and after; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


.i ro ko ca je ba gleki .a'o
Everybody be happy and keep being happy!

Notes


Issues



cmavo: puba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

was going to — time tense: was going to; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


do pu cusku lo se du'u do pu ba klama
You had said that you were going to go.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

actually was — time tense: past actuality; modal aspect --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


.i mi pu ca'a djica lo nu fatne kei mu'i lo nu mi na tugni do
I actually wanted the opposite because I don't agree with you.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: pujeba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

before and after — time tense: before and after; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


ko pilno la mymbl pu je ba lonu litru
Use Mumble before and after travelling.

.i mi pu je ba gletu lo mamta be do
I have and will have sex with your mother.

le pu je ba nolraitru
The once and future king!

Notes


Yes, actual usage. Yes, this is ridiculous.

Issues


cmavo: pujeca (PU*)

Proposed Definition

before and during — time tense: before and during; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


mi pu je ca ca'o citka lei grasu patlu
I was an am now in the process of eating the greasy potatoes.

Notes


Context seems to make a big difference in translating. -_-

Issues


cmavo: pupu (PU*)

Proposed Definition

had earlier been — time tense: had earlier been; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


mi pupu citka ri'a lo nu mi pu sipna
I had earlier been eating because I slept.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puza (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a medium time before — time tense: a medium time before; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


mi puza cikna binxo .i xu do bazi sipna binxo
I got up a bit ago. Are you going to sleep shortly?

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puze'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for a period in past — time tense: for a medium length interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


fi mi puze'a reroi cpedu fe le nu sidju le remna poi na slabu mi ku'o le nu cikre le ry. skami .uanai .ue

Twice, each for a decent time, I was asked to help the stranger fix eir computer. Ugh.

Notes


(original said "fa le nu", which didn't seem right - originally quoted from rlp)

Issues


cmavo: puze'i (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for a moment in past — time tense: for a short interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


.i mi puze'i tadni la lojban.
I studied Lojban for a short time.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puze'u (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for an era in past — time tense: for a long interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


mi bazi cliva mu'i lenu mi puze'u denpa
I am leaving shortly because I have been waiting for a long time.

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puzi (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a short time before — time tense: a short time before; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


mi puzi cusku lu .uinai vi'o li'u
I had just said, "Ugh, will do.".

Notes


Issues


cmavo: puzu (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a long time before — time tense: a long time before; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag


See Also


Proposed Keywords


Usage Examples


mi'a puzu finti ca lonu mi mutce na'e certu
You, me, and everybody else created stuff when they weren't very good.

Notes


Issues


General Section Issues


Why aren't all of the PU je PU and PU-ZEhA entries in here? I think we're missing cajepu, baze'a, anything with ze'i/ze'u, etc. Do we even really need to include PU* in this list? -lindar

History

Information Version
Sat 21 of Jun, 2014 18:59 GMT Ilmen from 37.252.203.90 Adding a proposed formal def for {nau}. 73
Sat 14 of Jun, 2014 20:33 GMT Ilmen from 128.140.133.185 Modifying the keywords and see also 72
Sun 08 of Jun, 2014 19:28 GMT mukti from 216.194.27.154 71
Thu 29 of May, 2014 14:05 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 70
Thu 29 of May, 2014 14:03 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 69
Thu 29 of May, 2014 14:01 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 68
Thu 29 of May, 2014 13:55 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 67
Thu 29 of May, 2014 13:52 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 66
Thu 29 of May, 2014 13:51 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 65
Thu 29 of May, 2014 13:49 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 64
Thu 29 of May, 2014 13:45 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 63
Thu 29 of May, 2014 13:43 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 major cleanup of definitions, and adding more examples 62
Thu 29 of May, 2014 13:25 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 61
Thu 29 of May, 2014 13:23 GMT selpa'i from 93.220.76.143 60
Wed 04 of May, 2011 20:07 GMT Eimi from 128.252.20.177 59
Wed 29 of Dec, 2010 06:11 GMT lindarthebard from 32.175.23.84 58
Sun 31 of Oct, 2010 18:34 GMT arj from 178.74.14.177 Fixed some examples and translations of examples 57
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 02:55 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Removed superfluous PU* entries. 56
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:36 GMT xorxes from 190.136.124.89 55
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:30 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Wrote definition for {ki}. 54
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:25 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Fixed formatting issue with all the remaining examples. (Got tired of doing them one cmavo at a time.) 53
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:16 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 52
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:16 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Box Plugin modified by editor. 51
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:15 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Box Plugin modified by editor. 50
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:14 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 49
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:14 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 48
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:10 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 47
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:10 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 46
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:09 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 45
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:08 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 44
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:07 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 43
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 01:01 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 42
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:45 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 41
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:38 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 40
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:27 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Fixed formatting issue with example, finished translation. 39
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:16 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Fixed formatting issue with example. 38
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:11 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 37
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:08 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 36
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:06 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 35
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:05 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 34
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:03 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 33
Fri 15 of Oct, 2010 00:02 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Fixed formatting issue with example. 32
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 23:27 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 31
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 22:16 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Changed "word" to "name" in translation. 30
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 22:10 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 29
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:47 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 28
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:47 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Replaced generic nabypalne with specific "pitnanba", defined in jbovlaste as "n1 is a pizza....". 27
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:37 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 26
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:34 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 25
Thu 14 of Oct, 2010 21:34 GMT eyeonus from 132.178.238.2 Reorganized ca and pu to be alphabetical. 24
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