History: BPFK Section: Tense

cmavo: cu'e (CUhE)

Proposed Definition

modal ? cu'e is a tense/modal question (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified modal/tense). Specifically, it turns the entire bridi into a question, and requests that the listener provide a tense/modal as an answer. The tense/modal response fills the place where cu'e was in the original bridi and the resulting bridi is the answer offered to the question. To indicate that there is no value that could make that bridi true, use {fi'o me zi'o}. A more extreme rejection of the presuppositions or implicatures involved in a question is to reply with {na'i}.

Proposed Tag

See Also

Proposed Keywords

• when

Usage Examples

do cu'e se bangu la .lojban.

When did you use Lojban?

.i doi .kapos. do cu'e tadni la .lojban.

Hey Kapos, (have you previously/are you currently/will you) study Lojban

Notes

It is nigh impossible to translate this word into English without using at least three sentences.

Issues

cmavo: nau (CUhE)

Proposed Definition

A time tense, referring to current space/time absolutely. This tense is used to refer to the current time/space and ignores ki and any tenses used already. It is not grammatical to combine nau with any other cmavo in a tense, except by way of a logical or non-logical connection.

Proposed Tag

See Also

Proposed Keywords

• now

Usage Examples

ni'o nau djedi li bi fa lo mi nu spofu bu'u lo kutytu'a

It is now eight days I have been broken down in the desert.

Notes

Issues

cmavo: ba (PU)

Proposed Definition

A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens after the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of future-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to future-tense in natural languages, or as "after".

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {ca}
• {pu}
• {balvi}

Proposed Keywords

• will
• going to
• future-tense

Usage Examples

.i .ei pei mi terve'u lo kukte pitnanba .i lo vecnu de'a lo nicte cu vecnu ba zi lo mentu be li so'u

"Should I buy a delicious pizza? The pizza place closed for the night, but is open in about a minute."

.i xu ro cmene be lo gugde ba se vasru la jbovlaste

"Every country name will be in Jbovlaste?"

Notes

Issues

cmavo: ca (PU)

Proposed Definition

A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens simultaneous to the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of present-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to present-tense in natural languages, or as "concurrent with" or "at the same time as".

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {ba}
• {pu}
• {cabna}

Proposed Keywords

• is
• -ing

Usage Examples

.i la .ko'an. ca tcidu fi le lojbo gerna

"Kohan is reading about Lojbanic grammar."

.i pilno so'i denpa bu .i xu mi ca jimpe

"It uses many full-stops. Do I understand this?"

Notes

Issues

cmavo: pu (PU)

Proposed Definition

before — A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens before the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of past-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to past-tense in natural languages, or as "before".

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {ba}
• {ca}
• {purci}

Proposed Keywords

• was
• before
• past-tense

Usage Examples

mi pu zi dunda lo ropno rupnu be li re no la .djef.leit. noi finti la purmo noi me la .nintendon.dys. selkei

"I gave twenty euros to Jeff Lait, the creator of POWDER, which is a game for the Nintendo DS."

.i do pu cusku lu la cizra cu palci li'u

"You said, 'The Stranger is evil'."

Notes

It was actually for the GBA and later got ported to the DS. It's a homebrew roguelike.

• I don't believe this has anything to do with the definition. POWDER was also ported to the PSP after the DS port.

Issues

cmavo: ki (KI)

Proposed Definition

tense default — tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base --

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Usage Examples

.i ku'i pu ki ku mi na sanji le du'u do ca mutce gunka tu'a la .penguikon.

"Previously, however, I wasn't aware of the fact that you were working hard on Penguicon."

Notes

Issues

cmavo: baba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

will be going to — A time tense relation/direction. The 'durational future aspect'.

Proposed Tag

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Usage Examples

mi baba tavla fo la .lojban. xebe'i la .iutub.

"I will be going to talk in Lojban on YouTube."

Notes

I can't translate this.

• Wikipedia helped me a bit, but I can't explain it. -.aionys.

Issues

cmavo: baca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

will actually — time tense: future actuality; modal aspect --

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Usage Examples

.ui ba'a .ia sai mi'o ba ca'a turni lo terdi gi'a nai pu bo crida binxo

"Yay! I expect and greatly believe you and I will actually govern the earth and not have become faeries."

Notes

Issues

Proposed Definition

will have been — time tense: will have been; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

mi bapu klama le zarci

"I'll have gone to the store."

Notes

Issues

cmavo: ca ma (PU*)

Proposed Definition

A cmavo compound time tense relation/direction. Asks with what the main bridi is concurrent to, similar to English "when?".

Proposed Tag

See Also

• {ca}
• {ma}

Proposed Keywords

• when

Usage Examples

do mo'u cilre fo le balcu'e ca ma

"When will you be finished/When did you finish learning at Uni?"

Notes

Issues

cmavo: caca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

currently is — time tense: present actuality; modal aspect --

Proposed Tag

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Usage Examples

.i .oi mi ca ca'a nitcu lo nu cliva .i co'o ro do
Oh dang! I actually need to leave right now. Bye everybody!

Notes

Issues

cmavo: cajeba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

during and after — time tense: during and after; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

.i ro ko ca je ba gleki .a'o
Everybody be happy and keep being happy!

Notes

Issues

cmavo: puba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

was going to — time tense: was going to; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

do pu cusku lo se du'u do pu ba klama

"You had said that you were going to go."

Notes

Issues

cmavo: puca'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

actually was — time tense: past actuality; modal aspect --

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Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.i mi pu ca'a djica lo nu fatne kei mu'i lo nu mi na tugni do

"I actually wanted the opposite because I don't agree with you."

Notes

Issues

cmavo: pujeba (PU*)

Proposed Definition

before and after — time tense: before and after; (tense/modal) --

Proposed Tag

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Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

ko pilno la mymbl pu je ba lonu litru
Use Mumble before and after travelling.

.i mi pu je ba gletu lo mamta be do
I have and will have sex with your mother.

le pu je ba nolraitru
The once and future king!

Notes

Yes, actual usage. Yes, this is ridiculous.

Issues

cmavo: pujeca (PU*)

Proposed Definition

before and during — time tense: before and during; (tense/modal) --

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Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

mi pu je ca ca'o citka lei grasu patlu
I was an am now in the process of eating the greasy potatoes.

Notes

Context seems to make a big difference in translating. -_-

Issues

cmavo: pupu (PU*)

Proposed Definition

had earlier been — time tense: had earlier been; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

mi pupu citka ri'a lo nu mi pu sipna
I had earlier been eating because I slept.

Notes

Issues

cmavo: puza (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a medium time before — time tense: a medium time before; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

mi puza cikna binxo .i xu do bazi sipna binxo
I got up a bit ago. Are you going to sleep shortly?

Notes

Issues

cmavo: puze'a (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for a period in past — time tense: for a medium length interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

fi mi puze'a reroi cpedu fe le nu sidju le remna poi na slabu mi ku'o le nu cikre le ry. skami .uanai .ue

Twice, each for a decent time, I was asked to help the stranger fix eir computer. Ugh.

Notes

(original said "fa le nu", which didn't seem right - originally quoted from rlp)

Issues

cmavo: puze'i (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for a moment in past — time tense: for a short interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

.i mi puze'i tadni la lojban.
I studied Lojban for a short time.

Notes

Issues

cmavo: puze'u (PU*)

Proposed Definition

for an era in past — time tense: for a long interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

mi bazi cliva mu'i lenu mi puze'u denpa
I am leaving shortly because I have been waiting for a long time.

Notes

Issues

cmavo: puzi (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a short time before — time tense: a short time before; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

mi puzi cusku lu .uinai vi'o li'u
I had just said, "Ugh, will do.".

Notes

Issues

cmavo: puzu (PU*)

Proposed Definition

a long time before — time tense: a long time before; (tense/modal) --

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Usage Examples

mi'a puzu finti ca lonu mi mutce na'e certu
You, me, and everybody else created stuff when they weren't very good.

Notes

Issues