History: BPFK Section: Tense

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cmavo: cu'e (CUhE)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

modal ? cu'e is a tense/modal question (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified modal/tense). Specifically, it turns the entire bridi into a question, and requests that the listener provide a tense/modal as an answer. The tense/modal response fills the place where cu'e was in the original bridi and the resulting bridi is the answer offered to the question. To indicate that there is no value that could make that bridi true, use {fi'o me zi'o}. A more extreme rejection of the presuppositions or implicatures involved in a question is to reply with {na'i}.<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

• when<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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do cu'e se bangu la .lojban.

When did you use Lojban?<br />

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.i doi .kapos. do cu'e tadni la .lojban.

Hey Kapos, (have you previously/are you currently/will you) study Lojban<br />

Notes<br />

<br /> It is nigh impossible to translate this word into English without using at least three sentences.<br /> <br />

Issues<br />

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cmavo: nau (CUhE)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

A time tense, referring to current space/time absolutely. This tense is used to refer to the current time/space and ignores ki and any tenses used already. It is not grammatical to combine nau with any other cmavo in a tense, except by way of a logical or non-logical connection.<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

• now<br />

Usage Examples<br />

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ni'o nau djedi li bi fa lo mi nu spofu bu'u lo kutytu'a

It is now eight days I have been broken down in the desert. <br />

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Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: ba (PU)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens after the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of future-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to future-tense in natural languages, or as "after".<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

• {ca}<br />
• {pu}<br />
• {balvi}<br />

Proposed Keywords<br />

• will<br />
• going to<br />
• future-tense<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

.i .ei pei mi terve'u lo kukte pitnanba .i lo vecnu de'a lo nicte cu vecnu ba zi lo mentu be li so'u

"Should I buy a delicious pizza? The pizza place closed for the night, but is open in about a minute."<br />

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.i xu ro cmene be lo gugde ba se vasru la jbovlaste

"Every country name will be in Jbovlaste?"<br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: ca (PU)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens simultaneous to the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of present-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to present-tense in natural languages, or as "concurrent with" or "at the same time as".<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

• {ba}<br />
• {pu}<br />
• {cabna}<br />

Proposed Keywords<br />

• is<br />
• -ing<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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.i la .ko'an. ca tcidu fi le lojbo gerna

"Kohan is reading about Lojbanic grammar."<br />

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.i pilno so'i denpa bu .i xu mi ca jimpe

"It uses many full-stops. Do I understand this?"<br />

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Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: pu (PU)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

before — A time tense relation/direction. The meaning as a sumtcita is that the main bridi happens before the attached sumti. Defaults to a perspective of past-tense, and can be used with a meaning similar to past-tense in natural languages, or as "before".<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

<br /> <br />

See Also<br />

• {ba}<br />
• {ca}<br />
• {purci}<br />

Proposed Keywords<br />

• was<br />
• before<br />
• past-tense<br />

Usage Examples<br />

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mi pu zi dunda lo ropno rupnu be li re no la .djef.leit. noi finti la purmo noi me la .nintendon.dys. selkei

"I gave twenty euros to Jeff Lait, the creator of POWDER, which is a game for the Nintendo DS."<br />

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.i do pu cusku lu la cizra cu palci li'u

"You said, 'The Stranger is evil'."<br />

Notes<br />

It was actually for the GBA and later got ported to the DS. It's a homebrew roguelike.<br />

• I don't believe this has anything to do with the definition. POWDER was also ported to the PSP after the DS port.<br />

Issues<br />

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cmavo: ki (KI)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

tense default — tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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.i ku'i pu ki ku mi na sanji le du'u do ca mutce gunka tu'a la .penguikon.

"Previously, however, I wasn't aware of the fact that you were working hard on Penguicon."<br />

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Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: baba (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

will be going to — A time tense relation/direction. The 'durational future aspect'.<br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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mi baba tavla fo la .lojban. xebe'i la .iutub.

"I will be going to talk in Lojban on YouTube."<br />

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Notes<br />

I can't translate this.<br />

• Wikipedia helped me a bit, but I can't explain it. -.aionys.<br />

Issues<br />

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cmavo: baca'a (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

will actually — time tense: future actuality; modal aspect --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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.ui ba'a .ia sai mi'o ba ca'a turni lo terdi gi'a nai pu bo crida binxo

"Yay! I expect and greatly believe you and I will actually govern the earth and not have become faeries."<br />

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Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: bapu (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

will have been — time tense: will have been; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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mi bapu klama le zarci

"I'll have gone to the store."<br />

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Notes<br />

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cmavo: ca ma (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

A cmavo compound time tense relation/direction. Asks with what the main bridi is concurrent, similar to English "when?".<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

• {ca}<br />
• {ma}<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

• when<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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do mo'u cilre fo le balcu'e ca ma

"When will you be finished/When did you finish learning at Uni?"<br />

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Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: caca'a (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

currently is — time tense: present actuality; modal aspect --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> .i .oi mi ca ca'a nitcu lo nu cliva .i co'o ro do<br /> Oh dang! I actually need to leave right now. Bye everybody!<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: cajeba (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

during and after — time tense: during and after; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> .i ro ko ca je ba gleki .a'o<br /> Everybody be happy and keep being happy!<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: puba (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

was going to — time tense: was going to; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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do pu cusku lo se du'u do pu ba klama

"You had said that you were going to go."<br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: puca'a (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

actually was — time tense: past actuality; modal aspect --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

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.i mi pu ca'a djica lo nu fatne kei mu'i lo nu mi na tugni do

"I actually wanted the opposite because I don't agree with you."<br />

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Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: pujeba (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

before and after — time tense: before and after; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> ko pilno la mymbl pu je ba lonu litru<br /> Use Mumble before and after travelling.<br /> <br /> .i mi pu je ba gletu lo mamta be do<br /> I have and will have sex with your mother.<br /> <br /> le pu je ba nolraitru<br /> The once and future king!<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

<br /> Yes, actual usage. Yes, this is ridiculous.<br /> <br />

Issues<br />

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cmavo: pujeca (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

before and during — time tense: before and during; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> mi pu je ca ca'o citka lei grasu patlu<br /> I was an am now in the process of eating the greasy potatoes.<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

<br /> Context seems to make a big difference in translating. -_-<br /> <br />

Issues<br />

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cmavo: pupu (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

had earlier been — time tense: had earlier been; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> mi pupu citka ri'a lo nu mi pu sipna<br /> I had earlier been eating because I slept.<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: puza (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

a medium time before — time tense: a medium time before; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> mi puza cikna binxo .i xu do bazi sipna binxo<br /> I got up a bit ago. Are you going to sleep shortly?<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: puze'a (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

for a period in past — time tense: for a medium length interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> fi mi puze'a reroi cpedu fe le nu sidju le remna poi na slabu mi ku'o le nu cikre le ry. skami .uanai .ue<br /> <br /> Twice, each for a decent time, I was asked to help the stranger fix eir computer. Ugh.<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

<br /> (original said "fa le nu", which didn't seem right - originally quoted from rlp)<br />

Issues<br />

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cmavo: puze'i (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

for a moment in past — time tense: for a short interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> .i mi puze'i tadni la lojban.<br /> I studied Lojban for a short time.<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: puze'u (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

for an era in past — time tense: for a long interval some time in the past; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> mi bazi cliva mu'i lenu mi puze'u denpa<br /> I am leaving shortly because I have been waiting for a long time.<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: puzi (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

a short time before — time tense: a short time before; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> mi puzi cusku lu .uinai vi'o li'u<br /> I had just said, "Ugh, will do.".<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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cmavo: puzu (PU*)<br />

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Proposed Definition<br />

a long time before — time tense: a long time before; (tense/modal) --<br /> <br />

Proposed Tag<br />

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See Also<br />

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Proposed Keywords<br />

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Usage Examples<br />

<br /> mi'a puzu finti ca lonu mi mutce na'e certu<br /> You, me, and everybody else created stuff when they weren't very good.<br /> <br />

Notes<br />

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Issues<br />

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