Proposed definitions
- na (NA)
- Contradictory negator. Negates the bridi in which it appears. It has scope over quantifiers that follow. (See also: {ja'a}, {na'e}, {nai}.)
ko nelci lo nalci gi'e na kelci lo kalci
Be fond of wings and don't play with feces.
- ja'a (NA)
- Bridi affirmer. Affirms the bridi in which it appears. (See also: {na}.)
ju'o cu'i lo finpe ja'a nitcu lo relselxi'u
Maybe a fish does need a bicycle.
- na'e (NAhE)
- Non-. Contrary negator. Converts a tanru-unit into another tanru-unit with a complementary meaning, such that they can't both be true at the same time. With BO, it converts a sumti into another sumti whose referent is the complement of the unconverted sumti. (See also: {je'a}, {to'e}, {no'e}, {na}, {nai}.)
salci fa ro na'ebo le mlatu
It's a party for everyone but the cat.
ma na'e vofli cipni
What's a non-flying bird?
- je'a (NAhE)
- Converts a tanru-unit into another tanru-unit with the same meaning. With BO, it converts a sumti into another sumti whose referent is the same as the referent of the unconverted sumti. (See also: {na'e}, {to'e}, {no'e}.)
ta je'a titla nanba
That's indeed sweet bread.
- to'e (NAhE)
- Opposite. Un-. Converts a tanru-unit into another tanru-unit with opposite meaning. With BO, it converts a sumti into another sumti whose referent is opposite of the referent of the unconverted sumti. (See also: {na'e}, {je'a}, {no'e}.)
mi to'e cirko lo sfani lo mi stasu
I found a fly in my soup.
- no'e (NAhE)
- Neutral. Converts a tanru-unit into another tanru-unit with neutral meaning between the original meaning and its opposite. With BO, it converts a sumti into another sumti whose referent is neutral between the referent of the unconverted sumti and its opposite. (See also: {na'e}, {to'e}, {je'a}.)
xu lo do cmene cu pu na pe'a jinsa lo no'e lerfu
Was your name not 'clean' of not-really-letters?
|
|
| NAhE BO sumti
|
|
|
| na'e bo sumti | lo drata be sumti
|
| je'a bo sumti | lo mintu be sumti
|
| to'e bo sumti | lo dukti be sumti
|
| no'e bo sumti | lo nutli be lo te dukti be sumti bei to'e sumti
|
Notes
- NAhEs can also be used with tags and operators, and NAhE BO with operands.
- Here I am sketching an argument for restricting the scope of NA to be just over those bridi operators that follow it. The traditional interpretation is that it has scope over all other bridi operators, including those that precede it in the bridi. Also: Reduced logical form