History: Lojban Tutorial: Introduction

Source of version: 2 (current)

!Introduction This course in Lojban is designed to give you the minimum you need in order to communicate in Lojban and to understand most of what you read with the help of a dictionary. It is not a complete explanation of the Lojban language; for that you need to buy a copy of John Cowan's [http://www.lojban.org/publications/cll.html|The Complete Lojban Language], or download the [http://www.lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar.html|reference grammar] (which is almost the same). Unlike many constructed languages, Lojban is not designed to be as simple as possible but as complete as possible. Fortunately this does not mean that Lojban is difficult to learn; the language is designed in modular way and you can use as much or as little of the grammar as you like. So you will not find any "power-Lojban" in this course, like termsets or bridi-tails. !!A few Lojban concepts All the terms used in the course are explained as they arise (I hope~--~if there's anything you don't understand, please [http://www.lojban.org/publications/tutorial/Mailto:robin@bilkent.edu.tr|mail me]). However, you may want to take note of the following terms, since they are essential to Lojban and will come up frequently in the lessons. The simplest Lojban sentence is called a ''bridi''. This consists of a ''selbri'', which describes one or more ''sumti''. In other languages a ''selbri'' would normally be a verb, and a ''sumti'' would be a noun, but this is not __always__ true. In logic a ''selbri'' is a "function" and a ''sumti'' is an "argument", but you don't need to know that. Lojban words come in two basic types. ''brivla'' are content-words, like ''bajra'' (run), ''blanu'' (blue), ''robin.'' (Robin), ''bavlamdei'' (tomorrow) and so on. ''cmavo'' are structure-words like ''.e'' (and), ''do'' (you) or ''ta'o'' (by the way). ''brivla'' come in a few varieties. The most important are ''gismu'', or root-words. These contain the most basic and commonly-used concepts. For more specific or unusual concepts, ''gismu'' can be merged to form ''lujvo'', or compound words. ''fu'ivla'' are Lojban words adapted from other languages; they are rarer, but can be useful when it is hard to make a suitable ''lujvo'' (the same thing happens in natural languages, of course; no one translates words like "yoga", "kangaroo" or "spaghetti"). Finally there are ''cmene'' or names, which will be the subject of Lesson 1. ''cmene'' can name people, places or just about anything you want. If any of the above seems confusing, don't worry~--~it's all explained fully later. I've tried to keep technical terms~--~both Lojban and English~--~to a minimum, so you won't have to wrestle with words like "adverbial" or ''temci seltcita sumti'' ("tense-labelled sumti"~--~forget it!). !!Before you start This course is designed to stand on it's own; you don't need any extra books, software or gadgets. However, you might want to do a few things before you start: # Download the [http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/gismu|gismu], [http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/cmavo|cmavo] and [http://www.lojban.org/files/draft-dictionary/NORQLUJV.txt|lujvo] lists (you can then combine these into one file and use a "find" command to use them like a simple dictionary). # If you're running DOS/Windows, you can download [http://www.lojban.org/files/software/logflash.zip|Logflash], a flashcard-type program for learning ''gismu''. # If you are one of those impatient types who want to see all the grammar at once, look at [http://www.lojban.org/publications/brochures/lojex.txt|Diagrammed Summary of Lojban Grammar Forms] # If you're still not sure of what Lojban is all about, read my [http://www.lojban.org/publications/brochures/lojintro.html|introductory essay]. # [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lojban|Subscribe to the Lojban list]. This is a forum in both English and Lojban for discussing the language and presenting Lojban texts (translations, poems, stories, anything). The people there are also very helpful when it comes to newbie questions. # Download the [http://www.lojban.org/files/software/gloss3-2.ZIP|Lojban glosser]. This is a really nice program which will translate all the words in any Lojban text into English. Alternatively, forget all that and just go on to [http://www.lojban.org/publications/tutorial/lesson1.html|Lesson 1].