History: bodler

Source of version: 2 (current)

Note: reading the special characters on this page will require that you have a Tibetan character font, such as [http://www.thdl.org/xml/show.php?xml=/tools/tibfonts.xml&l=uva10928423419921|Tibetan Machine Uni] (free download), installed. Reproducing these characters requires an input tool such as [http://byak.sinp.msu.ru/tise/|TisÃ©] (free download).

a is normally unmarked. In a syllable with no other sounds, it is written à½¨à¼‹ (a). Note that in syllables which have "a" as the vowel, Tibetan's proclivity for stacking consonants is important: those that are stacked occur before the vowel, while those that are not stacked occur after it. This rule was not followed scrupulously in Tibetan, but it should be in Lojban. However, TisÃ© has trouble rendering and/or prefers not to render some clusters of consonants. One can force it to stack consonants by typing + between them. The only instances I know of in which this doesn't work are those in which the second consonant is f or v (which figures, because these letters are not originally Tibetan - they were added to their script to render Chinese words). In this instance, whenever TisÃ© fails to render it correctly, the v must be written separately. If this is done, the a must be written out as à½¨ afterward; otherwise, it will be assumed that the v occurs at the end of the syllable. Note that this is not necessary in the case of other vowels, which are marked (e.g. zov à½Ÿà½¼à½–à¼¹ and zvoà¼‹à½Ÿà½–à¼¹à½¼)
 
b à½– (b)

c à½¤ (sh)

d à½‘ (d)

e à½¨à½ºà¼‹ (e) - note that this, like other vowels, is a mark that appears above other letters

f à½•à¼¹ (f)

g à½‚ (g)

i à½¨à½²à¼‹ (i) - note that this, like other vowels, is a mark that appears above other letters

j à½ž (zh)

k à½ (kh)

l à½£ (l)

m à½˜ (m)

n à½“ (n)

o à½¨à½¼ (o) - note that this, like other vowels, is a mark that appears above other letters

p à½• (ph)

r à½¢ (r)

s à½¦ (s)

t à½ (th)

u à½¨à½´ (u) - note that this, like other vowels, is a mark that appears above other letters (or, in this case, below them)

v à½–à¼¹ (v)

x à½§ (h)

y à½¨à¾€ (-i) - this is a special character which was added to the Tibetan script in order to transcribe words from Sanskrit (it's actually just an i backwards). It is actually intended to write vocalic letters, which would be a reasonable purpose in Lojban, except that I find it's use for "y" to be more compelling.

z à½Ÿà¼‹ (z)

ai à½¨à½» (ai)

au à½¨à½½ (au)

Note that "ai" and "au" have special symbols which were added for the transcription of Tibetan. For other Lojbanic vowel diphthongs, it is necessary to use the Tibetan semivowels:

i in a diphthong becomes à½¡ (y);

and u in a diphthong becomes à½ (w);

in the case of uu, ui, ii, and iu, it should be the first vowel which takes on its diphthongised form.

' à½  (') this character is used in Tibetan to write vowel diphthongs, as well as a sound which has since been lost from the language, but which was apparently somewhat like an h.. The second vowel is written above or below the achung; if none is written, that signifies an "a"

. à¼ (/) - this mark is used in Tibetan to show the end of a sentence (much the same purpose for which the period is used in most languages).

.i à¼ (;) - I like to use this mark as a shortcut to write ".i" It's original purpose was to mark the end of a paragraph or series of sentences.

, à¼‹ (space bar) - this mark is generally used after every syllable in Tibetan, and so I suggest that it should also be used as such in Lojban (except that it be not used between syllables separated by a '). This leaves the question of how to arbitrarily split lojban consonant clusters into syllables. I propose that, in the case of gismu, the first syllable should always be written as if it ended after the first vowel; this will show the consonant clusters more clearly. In the case of lujvo, syllables should, naturally, break between rafsi (y should be written as a separate syllable). As in so many other aspects, no consistent rules can be formulated for cmevla, although if it particularly resembles a rafsi or a lujvo, it is best to use those rules (i.e. "la ci,zras." à½£à¼‹ à½¤à½²à¼‹à½Ÿà¾²à½¦à¼‹ and "la gliban." à½£à¼‹ à½‚à¾³à½²à¼‹à½–à½“à¼‹); even so, there a few cases of words that resemble ''both'' lujvo and gismu, most notably "lojban", which resembles both the tanru of seltau "logji bangu" as well as the gismu "lojbo". I prefer to write it as a lujvo: à½£à½¼à½žà¼‹à½–à½“à¼‹

A à½¨à½± (A or aa) - this mark is used in transcriptions of Sanskrit to show long vowels; we can use it represent syllable emphasis in cmevla; e.g. à½–à½± à½¨à½±à½º à½…à½±à½² à½‘à½±à½¼ à½•à¼¹à½±à½´ à½‚à½±à¾€

vocalic r and n à½¢à¾² à½“à¾£ (rr, nn) - this can be showed simply by stacking the letter on top of itself

some examples:

.i la lojban mo à¼ à½£à¼‹ à¼à½£à½¼à½žà¼‹à½–à½“à¼ à½˜à½¼à¼‹

la nicte cadzu à½£à¼‹ à½“à½²à¼‹à½¤à¾ à½ºà¼‹ à½¤à¼‹à½‘à¾¯à½´à¼‹

xekri je blanu nicte à½§à½ºà¼‹à½à¾²à½²à¼‹ à½žà½ºà¼‹ à½–à¾³à¼‹à½“à½´à¼‹ à½“à½²à¼‹à½¤à¾ à½ºà¼‹

la xrucTCOF. à½£à¼‹ à½§à¾²à½´à½¤à¼‹à½à¾´à½±à½¼à½•à¼¹à¼‹

loi djarspageti à½£à½¼à½¡à¼‹ à½‘à¾®à¼‹à½¢à¾²à¼‹à½¦à¾¥à¼‹à½‚à½ºà¼‹à½à½²à¼‹

e'osai ko sarji la lojban. à½¨à½ºà½ à½¼à¼‹à½¦à½»à¼‹ à½à½¼à¼‹ à½¦à¼‹à½¢à¾®à½²à¼‹ à½£à¼‹ à½£à½¼à½žà¼‹à½–à½“à¼‹

la cribe pu finti le lisri à½£à¼‹ à½¤à¾²à½¼à¼‹à½–à½ºà¼‹ à½•à½´à¼‹ à½•à¼¹à½²à¼‹à½“à¾ à½²à¼‹ à½£à½ºà¼‹ à½£à½²à¼‹à½¦à¾²à½²à¼‹

mi jinvi le du'u loi jmive cu zvati gi'onai na zvati vau la .iupiter. à½˜à½²à¼‹ à½žà½²à¼‹à½žà½–à¼¹à½²à¼‹ à½£à½ºà¼‹ à½‘à½´à½ à½´ à½£à½¼à½¡à¼‹ à½žà¾¨à½²à¼‹à½–à¼¹à½ºà¼‹ à½Ÿà½–à¼¹à½¨à¼‹à½à½² à½“à¼‹ à½‚à½²à½ à½¼à¼‹à½“à½»à¼‹ à½“à¼‹ à½Ÿà½–à½¨à¼¹à¼‹à½à½²à¼‹ à½–à¼¹à½½à¼‹ à½£à¼‹à¼à½¡à½´à¼‹à½•à¾·à½²à¼‹à½à½ºà½¢à¼

mi catlu lo mlatu poi ke'a zbasu lei slasi à½˜à½²à¼‹ à½¤à¼‹à½à¾³à½´à¼‹ à½£à½¼à¼‹ à½˜à¾³à¼‹à½à½´à¼‹ à½•à½¼à½¡à¼‹ à½à½ºà½ à¼‹ à½Ÿà¾¦à¼‹à½¦à½´à¼‹ à½£à½ºà½¡à¼‹ à½¦à¾³à¼‹à½¦à½²à¼‹
History: bodler

Source of version: 2 (current)

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