Lojban
The Logical Language
Log in
Username:
Password:
I forgot my password |
CapsLock is on.
Log in
History: zasni gerna
View page
Source of version: 39
(current)
This is a version (not official) of the full grammar of Lojban. I intend to make many changes to it, some cosmetic, some not. Don't take the contents of this page too seriously for now. In ((zasni gerna cenba vreji)) I will try to keep a record of the changes as I make them. mi'e ((xorxes)) ; ****** GRAMMAR ****** text <- words-SU* SI-tail* post paragraphs FAhO#? paragraphs <- paragraph (NIhO# paragraph)* paragraph <- statement (I# statement)* statement <- statement-1 (I# joik statement-1)* statement-1 <- sentence (I# joik? tag? BO# sentence)* sentence <- (term+ CU#?)? bridi-tail / TUhE# paragraphs TUhU#? / gek sentence GI# sentence / term+ ZOhU# sentence / term* VAU#? bridi-tail <- bridi-tail-1 (gihek bridi-tail-1 term* VAU#?)* bridi-tail-1 <- bridi-tail-2 (gihek tag? BO# bridi-tail-2 term* VAU#?)* bridi-tail-2 <- selbri term* VAU#? / (tag / NA#)* gek bridi-tail GI# bridi-tail term* VAU#? term <- FA#? sumti / tag? sumti / FA# KU#? / tag !selbri KU#? / NA# KU#? / gek term+ VAU#? GI# term+ VAU#? sumti <- sumti-1 (joik sumti-1)* (VUhO# rels)? sumti-1 <- sumti-2 (joik tag? BO# sumti-2)* sumti-2 <- quantifier? bare-sumti / quantifier selbri KU#? rels? / gek sumti GI# sumti bare-sumti <- (description / LI# mex LOhO#? / ZO-word# / LU# paragraphs LIhU#? / LOhU-words-LEhU# / ZOI-anything# / KOhA# / !tag !selbri lerfu+ BOI#? / !tag !selbri (LAhE# / NAhE# BO#) rels? sumti LUhU#?) rels? description <- LE# (rels / bare-sumti)? quantifier? (selbri / bare-sumti) KU#? quantifier <- !bare-sumti !selbri mex rels? mex <- mex-1 (joik mex-1)* mex-1 <- PA#+ BOI#? / lerfu+ BOI#? / NIhE# selbri TEhU#? / VEI# mex VEhO#? / (LAhE# / NAhE# BO#) mex LUhU#? lerfu <- BY# / word-BU# rels <- rel (ZIhE# rel)* rel <- GOI# term GEhU#? / NOI# sentence KUhO#? selbri <- selbri-1+ (CO# selbri-1)* rels? (CEI# selbri)? / tag selbri / NA# selbri selbri-1 <- selbri-2 (joik selbri-2)* selbri-2 <- selbri-3 (joik tag? BO# selbri-3)* selbri-3 <- tanru-unit (BO# tanru-unit)* tanru-unit <- tanru-unit-1 linkargs? tanru-unit-1 <- BRIVLA# / word-ZEI-word# / CMEVLA# / GOhA# / mex MOI# / ME# (sumti / mex / joik) MEhU#? MOI#? / NU# sentence KEI#? / KE# selbri KEhE#? / (SE# / JAI# tag? / NAhE#) tanru-unit-1 linkargs <- BE# term (BEI# term)* BEhO#? joik <- NA#? SE#? JOI# gihek <- NA#? SE#? GIhA# gek <- SE#? GA# / SE#? JOI# GI# / tag-unit+ (joik tag-unit+)* GI# tag <- tag-unit+ (joik tag-unit+)* !GI# tag-unit <- BAI# / mex ROI# / FIhO# selbri FEhU# / (NAhE# / SE#) tag-unit free <- UI# / XI# mex-1 / mex-1 MAI# / SEI# (term+ CU#?)? selbri SEhU#? / TO# paragraphs TOI#? / vocative vocative <- (COI#+ DOI#? / DOI#) (rels? selbri / sumti?) DOhU#? ; --- SELMAhO --- COI# <- pre COI vocative-post PA# <- pre PA number-post BY# <- pre BY lerfu-post BRIVLA# <- pre BRIVLA post CMEVLA# <- pre CMEVLA post CMAVO# <- pre CMAVO post BAI# <- pre BAI post BE# <- pre BE post BEI# <- pre BEI post BEhO# <- pre BEhO post BO# <- pre BO post BOI# <- pre BOI post CEI# <- pre CEI post CO# <- pre CO post CU# <- pre CU post DOhU# <- pre DOhU post DOI# <- pre DOI post FA# <- pre FA post FAhO# <- pre FAhO post FEhU# <- pre FEhU post FIhO# <- pre FIhO post GA# <- pre GA post GEhU# <- pre GEhU post GI# <- pre GI post GIhA# <- pre GIhA post GOI# <- pre GOI post GOhA# <- pre GOhA post I# <- pre I post JAI# <- pre JAI post JOI# <- pre JOI post KE# <- pre KE post KEhE# <- pre KEhE post KEI# <- pre KEI post KOhA# <- pre KOhA post KU# <- pre KU post KUhO# <- pre KUhO post LAhE# <- pre LAhE post LE# <- pre LE post LEhU# <- pre LEhU post LI# <- pre LI post LIhU# <- pre LIhU post LOhO# <- pre LOhO post LU# <- pre LU post LUhU# <- pre LUhU post MAI# <- pre MAI post ME# <- pre ME post MEhU# <- pre MEhU post MOI# <- pre MOI post NA# <- pre NA post NAhE# <- pre NAhE post NIhE# <- pre NIhE post NIhO# <- pre NIhO post NOI# <- pre NOI post NU# <- pre NU post ROI# <- pre ROI post SE# <- pre SE post SEI# <- pre SEI post SEhU# <- pre SEhU post TEhU# <- pre TEhU post TO# <- pre TO post TOI# <- pre TOI post TUhE# <- pre TUhE post TUhU# <- pre TUhU post UI# <- pre UI post VAU# <- pre VAU post VEI# <- pre VEI post VEhO# <- pre VEhO post VUhO# <- pre VUhO post XI# <- pre XI post ZIhE# <- pre ZIhE post ZOhU# <- pre ZOhU post ; --- Pseudo SELMAHO --- word-ZEI-word# <- pre word-ZEI-word post word-BU# <- pre word-BU lerfu-post ZO-word# <- pre ZO-word post LOhU-words-LEhU# <- pre LOhU-words-LEhU post ZOI-anything# <- pre ZOI-anything post ; --- Word Modifiers --- pre <- (word-SI* BAhE)* word-SI* post <- !BU-tail !ZEI-tail free? number-post <- !BU-tail !ZEI-tail (!PA# free)? lerfu-post <- !BU-tail !ZEI-tail (!lerfu free)? vocative-post <- !BU-tail !ZEI-tail (!vocative free)? ; ****** MAGIC WORD CONSTRUCTS ****** ; (ZOI-delimiters not fully implemented here.) words-SU <- (word-ZEI-word / word-BU / ZO-word / LOhU-words-LEhU / ZOI-anything / !SU any-word)* SU-tail word-SI <- (word-ZEI-word / word-BU / ZO-word / LOhU-words-LEhU / ZOI-anything / any-word) SI-tail word-BU <- (ZO-word / LOhU-words-LEhU / ZOI-anything / any-word) (BU-tail* ZEI-tail+)* BU-tail+ word-ZEI-word <- (ZO-word / LOhU-words-LEhU / ZOI-anything / any-word) (ZEI-tail* BU-tail+)* ZEI-tail+ SU-tail <- word-SI* SU SI-tail <- word-SI* SI BU-tail <- word-SI* BU ZEI-tail <- word-SI* ZEI any-word ZO-word <- ZO any-word LOhU-words-LEhU <- LOhU (!LEhU any-word)* LEhU? ZOI-anything <- ZOI FAhO (!FAhO anything)* FAhO? ; ****** WORDS ****** anything <- Y* non-space+ any-word <- CMEVLA / BRIVLA / CMAVO CMEVLA <- Y* cmevla BRIVLA <- Y* brivla CMAVO <- Y* cmavo BAI <- Y* &cmavo ( c a h a / p u h i / n u h o / k a h e / c u h e / n a u / r u h i / t a h e / d i h i / n a h o / v e h u / v e h a / v e h i / v e h e / v i h i / v i h a / v i h u / v i h e / v i / v a / v u / d u h a / b e h a / n e h u / v u h a / g a h u / t i h a / n i h a / c a h u / z u h a / r i h u / r u h u / r e h o / t e h e / b u h u / n e h a / p a h o / n e h i / t o h o / z o h i / z e h o / z o h a / f a h a / z e h u / z e h a / z e h i / z e h e / c o h i / p u h o / c o h u / m o h u / c a h o / c o h a / d e h a / b a h o / d i h a / z a h o / z u / z a / z i / b a / p u / c a / k i / d u h o / s i h u / z a u / k i h i / d u h i / c u h u / t u h i / t i h u / d i h o / j i h u / r i h a / n i h i / m u h i / k i h u / v a h u / k o i / c a h i / t a h i / p u h e / j a h i / k a i / b a i / f i h e / d e h i / c i h o / m a u / m u h u / r i h i / r a h i / k a h a / p a h u / p a h a / l e h a / k u h u / t a i / b a u / m a h i / c i h e / f a u / p o h i / c a u / m a h e / c i h u / r a h a / p u h a / l i h e / l a h u / b a h i / k a h i / s a u / f a h e / b e h i / t i h i / j a h e / g a h a / v a h o / j i h o / m e h a / d o h e / j i h e / p i h o / g a u / z u h e / m e h e / r a i ) &&post-cmavo BAhE <- Y* &cmavo ( b a h e / z a h e ) &post-cmavo BE <- Y* &cmavo ( b e ) &post-cmavo BEI <- Y* &cmavo ( b e i ) &post-cmavo BEhO <- Y* &cmavo ( b e h o ) &post-cmavo BO <- Y* &cmavo ( b o ) &post-cmavo BOI <- Y* &cmavo ( b o i ) &post-cmavo BU <- Y* &cmavo ( b u ) &post-cmavo BY <- Y* &cmavo ( t e i / f o i / c e h a / l a u / z a i / t a u / j o h o / r u h o / g e h o / j e h o / l o h a / n a h a / s e h e / t o h a / g a h e / y h y / b y / c y / d y / f y / g y / j y / k y / l y / m y / n y / p y / r y / s y / t y / v y / x y / z y ) &post-cmavo CEI <- Y* &cmavo ( c e i ) &post-cmavo CO <- Y* &cmavo ( c o ) &post-cmavo COI <- Y* &cmavo ( j u h i / c o i / f i h i / t a h a / m u h o / f e h o / c o h o / p e h u / k e h o / n u h e / r e h i / b e h e / j e h e / m i h e / k i h e / v i h o ) &post-cmavo CU <- Y* &cmavo ( c u ) &post-cmavo DOI <- Y* &cmavo ( d o i ) &post-cmavo DOhU <- Y* &cmavo ( d o h u ) &post-cmavo FA <- Y* &cmavo ( f a i / f a / f e / f o / f u / f i h a / f i ) &post-cmavo FAhO <- Y* &cmavo ( f a h o ) &post-cmavo FEhU <- Y* &cmavo ( f e h u ) &post-cmavo FIhO <- Y* &cmavo ( f i h o ) &post-cmavo GA <- Y* &cmavo ( g e h i / g e / g o / g a / g u ) &post-cmavo GEhU <- Y* &cmavo ( g e h u ) &post-cmavo GI <- Y* &cmavo ( g i ) &post-cmavo GIhA <- Y* &cmavo ( g i h e / g i h i / g i h o / g i h a / g i h u ) &post-cmavo GOI <- Y* &cmavo ( n o h u / n e / g o i / p o h u / p e / p o h e / p o ) &post-cmavo GOhA <- Y* &cmavo ( m o / n e i / g o h u / g o h o / g o h i / n o h a / g o h e / g o h a / d u / b u h a / b u h e / b u h i / c o h e ) &post-cmavo I <- Y* &cmavo ( i ) &post-cmavo JAI <- Y* &cmavo ( j a i ) &post-cmavo JOI <- Y* &cmavo ( f a h u / p i h u / j o i / c e h o / c e / j o h u / k u h a / j o h e / j u h e / j o h i / j e h i / j e / j o / j a / j u / a / e / j i / o / u / m i h i / b i h o / b i h i / g e h a / f u h u / p i h i / f e h i / v u h u / s u h i / j u h u / g e i / p a h i / f a h i / t e h a / c u h a / v a h a / n e h o / d e h o / f e h a / s a h o / r e h a / r i h o / s a h i / p i h a / s i h i ) &post-cmavo KE <- Y* &cmavo ( k e ) &post-cmavo KEhE <- Y* &cmavo ( k e h e ) &post-cmavo KEI <- Y* &cmavo ( k e i ) &post-cmavo KOhA <- Y* &cmavo ( d a h u / d a h e / d i h u / d i h e / d e h u / d e h e / d e i / d o h i / m i h o / m a h a / m i h a / d o h o / k o h a / f o h u / k o h e / k o h i / k o h o / k o h u / f o h a / f o h e / f o h i / f o h o / v o h a / v o h e / v o h i / v o h o / v o h u / r u / r i / r a / t a / t u / t i / z i h o / k e h a / m a / z u h i / z o h e / c e h u / d a / d e / d i / k o / m i / d o ) &post-cmavo KU <- Y* &cmavo ( k u ) &post-cmavo KUhO <- Y* &cmavo ( k u h o ) &post-cmavo LAhE <- Y* &cmavo ( t u h a / l u h a / l u h o / l a h e / v u h i / l u h i / l u h e ) &post-cmavo LE <- Y* &cmavo ( l a i / l a h i / l a / l e i / l o i / l e h i / l o h i / l e h e / l o h e / l o / l e ) &post-cmavo LEhU <- Y* &cmavo ( l e h u ) &post-cmavo LI <- Y* &cmavo ( m e h o / l i ) &post-cmavo LIhU <- Y* &cmavo ( l i h u ) &post-cmavo LOhO <- Y* &cmavo ( l o h o ) &post-cmavo LOhU <- Y* &cmavo ( l o h u ) &post-cmavo LU <- Y* &cmavo ( l u ) &post-cmavo LUhU <- Y* &cmavo ( l u h u ) &post-cmavo MAI <- Y* &cmavo ( m o h o / m a i ) &post-cmavo ME <- Y* &cmavo ( m e / n u h a ) &post-cmavo MEhU <- Y* &cmavo ( m e h u ) &post-cmavo MOI <- Y* &cmavo ( m e h u / m e i / m o i / s i h e / c u h o / v a h e ) &post-cmavo NA <- Y* &cmavo ( j a h a / n a ) &post-cmavo NAhE <- Y* &cmavo ( f e h e / m o h i / t o h e / j e h a / n a h e / n o h e ) &post-cmavo NIhE <- Y* &cmavo ( n i h e ) &post-cmavo NIhO <- Y* &cmavo ( n i h o / n o h i ) &post-cmavo NOI <- Y* &cmavo ( v o i / n o i / p o i ) &post-cmavo NU <- Y* &cmavo ( n i / d u h u / s i h o / n u / l i h i / k a / j e i / s u h u / z u h o / m u h e / p u h u / z a h i ) &post-cmavo PA <- Y* &cmavo ( d a u / f e i / g a i / j a u / r e i / v a i / p i h e / p i / f i h u / z a h u / m e h i / n i h u / k i h o / c e h i / m a h u / r a h e / d a h a / s o h a / j i h i / s u h o / s u h e / r o / r a u / s o h u / s o h i / s o h e / s o h o / m o h a / d u h e / t e h o / k a h o / c i h i / t u h o / x o / p a i / n o h o / n o / p a / r e / c i / v o / m u / x a / z e / b i / s o ) &post-cmavo ROI <- Y* &cmavo ( r e h u / r o i ) &post-cmavo SE <- Y* &cmavo ( s e / t e / v e / x e ) &post-cmavo SEI <- Y* &cmavo ( s e i / t i h o ) &post-cmavo SEhU <- Y* &cmavo ( s e h u ) &post-cmavo SI <- Y* &cmavo ( s i ) &post-cmavo SU <- Y* &cmavo ( s u ) &post-cmavo TEhU <- Y* &cmavo ( t e h u ) &post-cmavo TO <- Y* &cmavo ( t o h i / t o ) &post-cmavo TOI <- Y* &cmavo ( t o i ) &post-cmavo TUhE <- Y* &cmavo ( t u h e ) &post-cmavo TUhU <- Y* &cmavo ( t u h u ) &post-cmavo UI <- Y* &cmavo ( r a h o / k e h i / g a h o / n a i / p e i / c a i / c u h i / s a i / r u h e / d a h o / f u h e / f u h o / i h a / i e / a h e / u h i / i h o / i h e / a h a / i a / o h i / o h e / e h e / o i / u o / e h i / u h o / a u / u a / a h i / i h u / i i / u h a / u i / a h o / a i / a h u / i u / e i / o h o / e h a / u u / o h a / o h u / u h u / e h o / i o / e h u / u e / i h i / u h e / b a h a / j a h o / c a h e / s u h a / t i h e / k a h u / s e h o / z a h a / p e h i / r u h a / j u h a / t a h o / r a h u / l i h a / b a h u / m u h a / d o h a / t o h u / v a h i / p a h e / z u h u / s a h e / l a h a / k e h u / s a h u / d a h i / j e h u / s a h a / k a u / t a h u / n a h i / j o h a / b i h u / l i h o / p a u / m i h u / k u h i / j i h a / s i h a / p o h o / p e h a / r o h i / r o h e / r o h o / r o h u / r o h a / r e h e / l e h o / j u h o / f u h i / d a i / g a h i / z o h o / b e h u / r i h e / s e h i / s e h a / v u h e / k i h a / x u / g e h e / b u h o ) &post-cmavo VAU <- Y* &cmavo ( v a u ) &post-cmavo VEI <- Y* &cmavo ( v e i ) &post-cmavo VEhO <- Y* &cmavo ( v e h o ) &post-cmavo VUhO <- Y* &cmavo ( v u h o ) &post-cmavo XI <- Y* &cmavo ( x i ) &post-cmavo ZEI <- Y* &cmavo ( z e i ) &post-cmavo ZIhE <- Y* &cmavo ( z i h e ) &post-cmavo ZO <- Y* &cmavo ( z o ) &post-cmavo ZOI <- Y* &cmavo ( z o i / l a h o ) &post-cmavo ZOhU <- Y* &cmavo ( z o h u ) &post-cmavo ; ****** MORPHOLOGY ****** cmevla <- jbocme / zifcme jbocme <- &zifcme (onset nucleus coda?)+ &space zifcme <- !h (V / VV / y / I / h / C !space)* C &space cmavo <- !cmevla !CVCy-lujvo C? I? nucleus (h nucleus)* &post-cmavo CVCy-lujvo <- C V C y initial-rafsi* (final-rafsi / gismu / fuhivla / type-3-fuhivla) post-cmavo <- space / cmavo / brivla brivla <- gismu / !h fuhivla / type-3-fuhivla / lujvo lujvo <- !cmavo !h initial-rafsi+ (final-rafsi / gismu / fuhivla / type-3-fuhivla) type-3-fuhivla <- !cmevla classifier syllable+ &space fuhivla <- !cmevla !cmavo !rafsi-string !slinkuhi syllable syllable+ &space gismu <- full-rafsi &space final-rafsi <- !cmevla short-rafsi &space initial-rafsi <- y-less-rafsi / y-rafsi / fuhivla-rafsi / type-3-rafsi / brivla-rafsi brivla-rafsi <- !cmavo !slinkuhi syllable syllable+ h y type-3-rafsi <- classifier syllable* onset y fuhivla-rafsi <- !cmavo !rafsi-string !slinkuhi syllable+ onset y slinkuhi <- C rafsi-string rafsi-string <- y-less-rafsi* (gismu / final-rafsi / y-rafsi / CC y / h y / full-rafsi h y) y-less-rafsi <- short-rafsi &rafsi-string classifier <- C V C CR / CC V CR / C V CR / y-rafsi R full-rafsi <- C V C C V / CC V C V y-rafsi <- C V C C y / CC V C y / C V C y short-rafsi <- C V C / CC V / C VV R? / C V h V R? ; ****** PHONOTACTICS ****** syllable <- onset !y nucleus coda? coda <- !onset C onset <- (h / C? I / affricate / sibilant? middle? liquid?) &nucleus sibilant <- c / s !x / j !n !l !r / z !n !l !r middle <- p / b / f / v / m / t !l / d !l / n !l !r / k / g / x liquid <- l / r CC <- &onset C C CR <- C R / r n &C / r l &n / r l &affricate / n l &r R <- r &C / n &r C <- voiced / unvoiced / l / m / n / r affricate <- t c / t s / d j / d z voiced <- b / d / g / j / v / z unvoiced <- c / f / k / p / s / t / x l <- "l" !h !l m <- "m" !h !m !z n <- "n" !h !n !affricate r <- "r" !h !r b <- "b" !h !b !unvoiced d <- "d" !h !d !unvoiced g <- "g" !h !g !unvoiced v <- "v" !h !v !unvoiced j <- "j" !h !j !z !unvoiced z <- "z" !h !z !j !unvoiced s <- "s" !h !s !c !voiced c <- "c" !h !c !s !x !voiced x <- "x" !h !x !c !k !voiced k <- "k" !h !k !x !voiced f <- "f" !h !f !voiced p <- "p" !h !p !voiced t <- "t" !h !t !voiced h <- "'" &nucleus I <- (i / u) &nucleus nucleus <- V / VV / y VV <- (a i / a u / e i / o i) !nucleus !I V <- (a / e / i / o / u) !nucleus a <- "a" e <- "e" i <- "i" o <- "o" u <- "u" y <- "y" !nucleus Y <- "y"+ !nucleus / space non-space <- !space . space <- [[.\t\n\r?!\u0020]
About
Introduction
What Others Say
FAQ
Learning
Books
Vocabulary
Lojbanic Software
Community
Web/Email Forums
IRC Chat
Links
News
Dictionary
Swag
Multimedia
Lojbanic Texts
Audio
Wiki
Recent Changes
Popular Pages
How To Edit
The LLG
Official Projects
Publications
Donate!
Contact Us
Search Lojban Resources
Show PHP error messages
Filter:
NOTICE (E_NOTICE):
Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
At line 102 in lib/userprefs/userprefslib.php
NOTICE (E_NOTICE):
Trying to access array offset on value of type bool
At line 103 in lib/userprefs/userprefslib.php