Proposed Definitions And Examples
Proposed Definition of ba'a
- ba'a (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express anticipation as the source of information or idea. This word comprises a scale, along with "ba'a cu'i" and "ba'a nai". See also ba'acu'i, ba'anai, the preface. (cf. bavykri, lifri, morji)
Examples of ba'a Usage
ba'a seems to be used in a mostly non-temporal sense. That is, it is rarely used to express "I expect that X will happen", but rather something like "I presume that X would be the case".
ba'anai does seem to be unambiguously used to refer to things in the past.
Temporal usages
ba'a do bazu djuno fi ro djedi
I expect that in the far future, you will know every day.
.ua .i ba'anai
Oh yeah, I remember now.
Non-temporal usages
.i y xu ro pipybanfi cu respa - ba'a na mabru
Are frogs reptiles? I don't expect them to be mammals.
.i lenu mi joi la tal. puzi casnu ti cu mukti lenu mi te preti fo do .i ba'a loi mlatu loi gerku cu zmadu leka kukte .i xu tugni
Me and Tal's recent discussion prompted me to ask you. I expect cats to taste better than dogs. Do you agree?
ma se xabju do vi la astn - ba'a vi la ubuty. xabju
Where near Austin do you live? Probably near UT.
ba'a do xabju le jecrsautkarolaina
You probably live in South Carolina.
I tentatively rule that usage is in error, and that the temporal interpretation should remain/become the official interpretation.
Proposed Definition of ba'a cu'i
- ba'a cu'i (UI*2)
- Evidential. Used to express experience as the source of information or idea. This word comprises a scale, along with "ba'a" and "ba'a nai". See also ba'a, ba'anai, the preface.
Examples of ba'a cu'i Usage
Proposed Definition of ba'a nai
- ba'a nai (UI*2)
- Evidential. Used to express memory/recollection as the source of information or idea. This word comprises a scale, along with "ba'a" and "ba'a cu'i". See also ba'a, ba'acu'i, the preface.
Examples of ba'a nai Usage
Proposed Definition of ca'e
- ca'e (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to mark a performative/speech act, that is, an utterance that is true because the speaker says so. See also mitcu'a, mitsmu, the preface.
Examples of ca'e Usage
ca'e le mi tubnu cu na'ebo marna tubnu
I say my pipe is a non-pot pipe.
ca'e la bais cu mulno
BAI is hereby done.
ca'e le re do cu simxu speni
I hereby pronounce that the two of you are mutual spouses.
I pronounce you husband and wife.
Proposed Definition of ja'o
- ja'o (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express other (stated or unstated) information or ideas as the source of information or idea. (cf. selni'i, ni'ikri)
Examples of ja'o Usage
ja'o mi tolnelci le gejbirje
So, I dislike root beer.
ja'o do na prenu citka prenu
Then you cannot be a cannibal.
ja'o do gento
Then you must be Argentinian.
ja'o do se bangu le glico .e la lojban .enai lo drata
So you know only English and Lojban.
za'a cladu carvi .i ja'o carmi carvi
I can hear the loud sound of rain. So it must be raining heavily.
ro bu'a zo'u le ka bu'a cu xamgu .inaja la cev goi da traji le ka bu'a .i le ka zasti cu xamgu .i ja'o la cev traji le ka zasti
Of all good properties, God is the entity that has the most of it. Existence is a good property. Hence, God is the entity that is the most existent of all.
Proposed Definition of ju'a
- ju'a (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express a non-specific/elliptical source of information or idea. See also xusra, the preface.
Examples of ju'a Usage
ju'a loi xalka cu danfu .i mi na morji le preti
Alcohol is the answer. I can't remember the question.
ju'a ba'e ro da cu se senpi .ei
Everything should be doubted, I say.
Proposed Definition of ka'u
- ka'u (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express cultural context/myth/custom as the source of information or idea. See also kluju'o, the preface.
- Keywords: I know culturally. I culturally know.
Examples of ka'u Usage
.i tatpi joi xagji .i ka'u ca le cabdei mi na .ei citka je pinxe mu'i tu'a le lijda
I'm tired and hungry. Tomorrow I mustn't eat or drink for religious reasons.
.i ka'u so'a nanmu cu xebni .iku'i mi certu le ka .o'o zei cinmo
Proposed Definition of pe'i
- pe'i (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express opinion as the source of information or idea. See also jinvi, the preface.
Examples of pe'i Usage
pe'i le nu ma'a na frili kakne le nu benji la nomoi cu mukti .ei le nu ma'a na troci le nu benji ja vecnu le remoi
In my opinion, the fact that we can't easily send the zeroth one should be a reason for us not to try to send and sell the second one.
Proposed Definition of ru'a
- ru'a (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express postulate/assumption/presumption as the source of information or idea. See also sruma, the preface.
- Keywords: I postulate. I presume. I assume.
Examples of ru'a Usage
Proposed Definition of se'o
- se'o (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express internal experience, such as a dream, vision, or personal revelation, as the source of information or idea. See also senva, the preface.
- Keywords: I know internally.
Examples of se'o Usage
Proposed Definition of su'a
- su'a (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express other (stated or unstated) information as the source of the information or idea that is a generalization of the former. This word comprises a scale, along with "su'a nai". See also su'anai, sucta, sucni'i, the preface.
Examples of su'a Usage
Proposed Definition of su'a nai
- su'a nai (UI*2)
- Evidential. Used to express other (stated or unstated) information as the source of the information or idea that is a particularization of the former. This word comprises a scale, along with "su'a". See also su'a, the preface.
- Keywords: I particularize.
Examples of su'a nai Usage
Proposed Definition of ti'e
- ti'e (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express hearsay/relayed information as the source of information or idea. See also tirna, sitna, tcidu, the preface.
Examples of ti'e Usage
Proposed Definition of za'a
- za'a (UI2)
- Evidential. Used to express direct observation or perception as the source of information or idea. Said perception may be visual, but need not be. See also zgana, lanli, the preface.
Examples of za'a Usage
Notes
The template for "ju'a" seems to have got slots for scalars by mistake. These have been removed.
Impact
Added clarificationary note that "za'a" is not restricted to visual observation.