With cause... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of rinka. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of rinka and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is caused by the referent of the tagged sumti.
rinka modal
.i le bolci cu farlu ri'a lo nu mi co'u sarji ri
The ball fell because I stopped holding it up.
With what cause? Tags a sumti question marker as fitting the first place of rinka. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the first place of rinka and then fills it with a sumti question cmavo (ma). In other words, the tagged sumti asks what physically caused the event described by the bridi.
rinka modal question
mi na djuno lo du'u ri'a ma kau mi cortu le stedu
I don't know why my head hurts.
Artificial:
.i ri'a ma le tsani cu blanu
Why is the sky blue?
Not caused by... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 1st place of rinka. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of na'e rinka and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is not caused by the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e rinka modal
.i ma rinka lo nu .ue mi ka'e vasxu se ri'a nai lo nu mrobi'o kei sepi'o nai lo vacri lumci cabra
What caused you to be able to breathe without dying and without using an air-cleaner?
Artificial:
.i mi nelci do ri'anai lo za'i do melbi
I like you, but not because you're beautiful.
It should be noted (and this applies to all BAI+nai constructs) that while the above example asserts that "mi nelci do", and it asserts that this isn't a result of "do melbi", it does *not* assert "do melbi" one way or the other.
With result... Tags a sumti as fitting the 2nd place of rinka. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of rinka and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is the cause of the referent of the tagged sumti.
se rinka modal
.i sa'e mi nitcu xa le cacra seri'a le nu mi milxe xamgu pensi .iji'a mi nitcu ze le cacra seri'a le nu mi gleki
Precisely speaking, I need six hours to at least think straight. Additionally, I need seven hours to be happy.
(some meaning is lost as it is six hours that may or may not be consecutive, which isn't conveyed in the English. Also, does nitcu have sumti raising like that? I thought se nitcu was an abstract.)
Artificial:
.i do darxi mi seri'a lo za'i mi cortu
You hit me, which results in my pain.
Not resulting in... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 2nd place of rinka. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of na'e rinka and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi does not cause the event described by the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e se rinka modal
.i mi na morsi seri'anai lo nu ba'o se citka
I am not dead, but that doesn't stop me from being food.
Artificial:
.i do darxi le ve tivni seri'anai lonu ri se cikre
You hit the TV, but that doesn't result in it being repaired.
Caused under conditions... Tags a sumti as fitting the 3rd place of rinka. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 3rd place of rinka and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is caused under the conditions described by the referent of the tagged sumti.
te rinka modal
mi mi cinpe'u teri'a lo vamji be lo reki'o rupnu
(this is the only natural example, and I doubt we can use/translate this)
Artificial:
.i le karce cu xe klama teri'a loza'i mi bilga lonu klama le zarci
When I have to go to the store, the car is a vehicle.
By logic... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of nibli. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of nibli and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi follows logically from the referent of the tagged sumti.
nibli modal
lu coi ro li'u ja'a gendra ni'i lo cizra javni po lo se cusku krasi
"Hello Every" IS grammatically correct, logically because of a crazy rule of an expression source (dictionary?).
Artificial:
.i la .platon. mrobi'o ni'i le du'u py remna
Plato dies, which follows logically because he is human.
By what logic? Tags a sumti question marker as fitting the first place of nibli. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the first place of nibli and then fills it with a sumti question cmavo (ma). In other words, the tagged sumti asks by what logic the event described by the bridi occurs.
nibli modal question
doi james do ni'i ma norsau mi
Hey James, by what logic are you not really familiar with me?
Artificial:
do krici lo du'u gendra ni'i ma
"You believe that is grammatical by what logic?"
Does not logically follow from... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 1st place of nibli. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of nibli and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi does not logically follow from the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e nibli modal
.i la'a prenu .i ku'i ni'inai lo se cusku pe la petr.
It's probably a person. However, not logically entailing Peter's expression...
(incomplete sentence, the only example that could be found)
Artificial:
.i do bilga lonu pilno lo palku kei ni'inai loza'i do nanmu
Your being obliged to wear pants doesn't logically follow from the state of your being a man.
Logically therefore... Tags a sumti as fitting the 2nd place of nibli. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of nibli and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi logically leads to the referent of the tagged sumti.
se nibli modal
.i se ni'i ri cusku no da poi lojbo
Because of that, nothing lojbanic is expressed.
The example used doesn't contain a main selbri. -previous example-er
Nuu... There's a main selbri, because {ri} sticks to se ni'i, and cusku is the main selbri. (se ni'i (ri)) (x1) cusku (x2 = no da (poi lojbo)) -Lindar
Does not logically entail... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 2nd place of nibli. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of nibli and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi does not logically entail the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e se nibli modal
lo gerku lo plini cu simsa le ka barda .i se ni'i nai bo ri xi re ri xi ci simsa le ka barda
Dogs are similar to planets in size; it does not therefore follow that planets are similar to dogs in size.
(I don't actually have any idea what this person was talking about, but this is a real usage, very slightly modified.)
Under logic system... Tags a sumti as fitting the 3rd place of nibli. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 3rd place of nibli and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi occurs under the logic system described by the referent of the tagged sumti.
te nibli modal
do zvati naje jundi teni'i zu'i
You don't attend, you pay attention, under the typical logic.
(talking about IRC, I assume)
Artificial:
li pa pi'i pa du li pa te ni'i lo cmaci
One times one is one, according to mathematics.
Because of motive... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of mukti. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of mukti and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi occurs because of the motive described by the referent of the tagged sumti.
mukti modal
.i mi cliva mu'i le nu samru'e kelci gi'e sipna do'e le mi se prami
I leave motivated by computer gaming and sleeping with my beloved.
With what motive? Tags a sumti question marker as fitting the first place of mukti. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the first place of mukti and then fills it with a sumti question cmavo (ma). In other words, the tagged sumti asks with what motive the event described by the bridi occurs.
mukti modal question
.i do preti mu'i ma
Why do you ask?
mu'i ma do pilno lo smuci
Why do you use a spoon? / What is your motivation for using a spoon?
Not motivated by... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 1st place of mukti. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of mukti and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is not motivated by the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e mukti modal
mi gleki le nu tavla do kei mu'i nai le cmalu temci
I like talking to you, regardless of the short amount of time.
Motive therefore... Tags a sumti as fitting the 2nd place of mukti. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of mukti and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is the motive behind the event described by the referent of the tagged sumti.
se mukti modal
.i mi mutce xagji se mu'i le nu mi pu'o citka (Modified from original.)
I'm very hungry, which motivates that I am about to eat.
Not motive for... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 2nd place of mukti. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of mukti and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is not the motive for the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e se mukti modal
(no natural examples)
Artificial:
mi cliva se mu'i nai lo nu do klaku
I'm leaving, but you don't have to cry.
Motive of person... Tags a sumti as fitting the 3rd place of mukti. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 3rd place of mukti and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is somehow motivated by or motivates the person indicated by the referent of the tagged sumti.
te mukti modal
xu se mikce te mu'i ba'e do
Is [[somebody unspecified]] treated by *your* motivation?
Artificial:
mi klama le zarci te mu'i le mi mamta
I go to the market by the motivation of my mom.
Because of reason... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of krinu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of krinu and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi occurs for the reason indicated by the referent of the tagged sumti.
krinu modal
.i mi nelci la lojban ki'u lenu mi pensi ta'i le pe'a lojbo
I like lojban because I think in a figuratively lojbanic manner.
With what reason? Tags a sumti question marker as fitting the first place of krinu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the first place of krinu and then fills it with a sumti question cmavo (ma). In other words, the tagged sumti asks with what reason the event described by the bridi occurs. See also: krinu, ja'e, ri'a, mu'i, ni'i, ki'u, se ki'u, ki'u nai, se ku'i nai.
krinu modal question
.i ki'u ma do cusku zo co'o
Why do you say goodbye?
Without reason... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 1st place of krinu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of krinu and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is not reasonably justified by the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e krinu modal
mi selsau zo slabu na ki'u nai lo za'i mi so'i roi cilre
I'm familiar with "slabu" and not without the reason I often study.
Artificial:
la uest cu se nabmi ge ki'u nai lo nu .u bu mitcinpa'i nanmu gi ki'u lo nu .u bu simlu lo ka djica lo nu pilno lo nu catni fi lo gubni jibri kei lo nu cpedu lo cinse nu selfu
"West is in trouble not because he is a gay man, but because he is a man who was apparently willing to use the power of his public office to solicit sexual favors."
Reasonably therefore... Tags a sumti as fitting the 2nd place of krinu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of krinu and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is the reason behind the event described by the referent of the tagged sumti.
se krinu modal
.i mi ca gunka penmi seki'u le nu masno spuda (Slightly modified.)
I am at a work meeting, which is the reason for my slow replies.
Not a reason to... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 2nd place of krinu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of krinu and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is not the reason for the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e se krinu modal
.i se ki'u nai bo mi jai bandu le nobli ke lojbo bangu lo vlatai zekri (Slightly modified.)
Regardless of that reason, I defend the noble Lojban language against word-shape crimes.
Compelled by... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of bapli. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of bapli and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is compelled by the referent of the tagged sumti.
bapli modal
.i za'a bai lo skami mi nalviska le se cinri nu casnu (Rather modified.)
Apparently, the computer compels me to not see the interesting discussion.
Forcing result... Tags a sumti as fitting the 2nd place of bapli. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of bapli and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi compels the result described by the referent of the tagged sumti.
se bapli modal
(no natural example)
Artificial:
mi darxi le bolci se bai lo nu ri gunro farlu fi le gapru traji mokca be le cmalu cmana
I hit the ball forcing it to roll down from the top of the hill.
In the event of... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of fasnu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of fasnu and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is associated with an event described by referent of the tagged sumti.
fasnu modal
le nakni cu co'a cpana le fetsi fau lo nu le nakpinji cu ranti
The guy starts being on top of the girl and experiences his penis being soft.
(Can I seriously use this?)
alt:
i ko spuda mrilu mi po'o fau lenu do tcidu je jimpe ti
Reply-mail to only me when you read and understand this.
Artificial:
.i fau le nu mi sanli binxo kei mi cusku le se du'u mo'u citka
With the event of standing up, I express that the eating is over.
Requiring... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of sarcu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of sarcu and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi requires the referent of the tagged sumti.
sarcu modal
(no natural example)
Artificial:
.i do nenri sau tu'a le ckiku valsi
You enter, with requirement the key word.
Required for... Tags a sumti as fitting the 2nd place of sarcu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of sarcu and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is required for the referent of the tagged sumti.
se sarcu modal
.i .e'o ko sanli vi le serti se sau le nu mi fi do badgau (Slightly modified.)
Please stand at the stairs, which is required for my defending you.
Required under conditions... Tags a sumti as fitting the 3rd place of sarcu. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 3rd place of sarcu and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is required under the conditions described by the referent of the tagged sumti.
te sarcu modal
Artificial:
mi klama le briju te sau lo nu mi gunka
I go to the office as required by my work.
Therefore result... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of jalge. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of jalge and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi results from the tagged sumti.
jalge modal
.i le li'i clupa nu casnu bau roda ja'e node cu rinka (Slightly modified.)
The experience of a looping discussion in all languages which results in nothing is the cause.
Without result... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 1st place of jalge. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of jalge and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi does not result in the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e jalge modal
.i ja'e nai bo mi na ka'e sipna
Regardless of this, I am not able to sleep.
Results because ... Tags a sumti as fitting the 2nd place of jalge. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of jalge and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi results because of the referent of the tagged sumti.
se jalge modal
mi binxo lo perli se ja'e lo nu mi citka lo perli
I become a pear because I eat a pear.
Artificial:
mi cadzu se ja'e lo nu mi na ponse lo karce
I walk because I don't own a car.
Results not because... Tags a sumti as not fitting the 2nd place of jalge. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of jalge and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is not the reason for the referent of the tagged sumti.
na'e se jalge modal
(no natural example available)
Artificial:
mi cadzu se ja'e nai lo nu mi na ponse lo karce
I walk, but not because I don't own a car.
I walk regardless of whether or not I own a car.
Under conditions... Tags a sumti as fitting the 1st place of vanbi. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 1st place of vanbi and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi occurs under the conditions described by the tagged sumti. See also: vanbi, se va'o.
vanbi modal
.i .e'o ko na damba va'o le nu rodo na kakne le nu damba bau la lojban.
Under the conditions of y'all not being able to fight in lojban, please don't fight.
Unless {vanbi}'s definition is especially bad, it doesn't seem to be {vanbi}'s modal. It could be that of {tcini} or {banzu} or some other predicate depending on the intended meaning.
As conditions for... Tags a sumti as fitting the 2nd place of vanbi. Augments the bridi in which it occurs, adding an extra place with the meaning of the 2nd place of vanbi and then fills it with the tagged sumti. In other words, the event described by the bridi is the condition under which the referent of the tagged sumti occurs.
se vanbi modal
.ei dai lo prenu ma cinmo se va'o lo nu te vecnu
What should a person feel when being sold something?
Artificial:
la .bais. cu mulno se va'o lo nu la camgusmis cu gleki
The BAI sections are complete as a condition for Robin (camgusmis) being happy.
There exists a contradiction between the CLL and the ma'oste about the meaning of BAInai WRT causals. The interpretation we are using (explicated in the preface section) here for "ri'a nai" and such matches with that found in the CLL (Chapter 9, Section 13). To get the meaning shown in the ma'oste (despite...), it is suggested to use e.g. to'eri'anai instead of ri'anai.
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