Proposed Definitions And Examples

cmavo: do (KOhA3)

Proposed definition

A pro-sumti referring to "you," the person or people that the speaker is addressing.

See also

• {do'o}
• {ko}
• {mi}
• {ma'a}
• {doi}

Proposed keywords

• you
• y'all

Usage examples

coi ro do

"Hello, everybody."

xu do jimpe

"Do you understand (these facts)?"

Notes

This word can be either second-person singular or second-person plural. The listener(s) it refers to can be specifically identified by vocatives (such as {doi}) or {goi}.

cmavo: do'o (KOhA3)

Proposed definition

A pro-sumti for "you and others," referring to the person or people that the speaker is addressing along with one or more other people, considered together.

See also

• {do}
• {mi'o}
• {ma'a}

Proposed keywords

• you and them

Usage examples

mi sidju do'o

"I help you and them."

Notes

This cmavo combines the second- and third-persons together. The people it refers to can be specifically identified by vocatives (such as {doi}) or {goi}.

cmavo: ko (KOhA3)

Proposed definition

An imperative pro-sumti for "you," the person or people that the speaker is addressing. Similar to "do", except that the sentence it is in becomes imperative in the sense, "Make this sentence true."

See also

• {do}
• {e'o}
• {pe'u}

Proposed keywords

• you (imperative)
• you (command)

Usage examples

ko sarji la lojban

"Support Lojban."

ko kurji ko

"Take care of yourself."

Notes

Like {do}, this cmavo can be used multiple times in a sentence, anywhere where a {sumti} is valid. It changes the sentence from a statement into a request in the sense of somehow making the sentence true. For instance, {la .djan. klama ko} closely means, "Make it so that 'John comes to you' is true," or, "Make John come to you."

cmavo: ma'a (KOhA3)

Proposed definition

A pro-sumti for "you, we, and they," referring to the the speaker, the person or people that the speaker is addressing, and and one or more other people, all considered together.

See also

• {mi'o}
• {mi'a}
• {do'o}

Proposed keywords

• you, us, and them
• you, me, and them

Usage examples

xu .ei ma'a zbasu lo ctucku

"Do you, I, and they have to create a textbook?"

ma'a xusra du'u lei jetnu

"We (meaning the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, the American reader, and the citizens of the nation) hold these truths."

Notes

This cmavo combines the first-, second-, and third-persons together.

cmavo: mi (KOhA3)

Proposed definition

A pro-sumti for "I" and "we," referring to the the speaker(s) of the utterance.

See also

• {do}
• {mi'o}
• {mi'a}
• {ma'a}
• {mi'e}

Proposed keywords

• I
• we
• me
• us

Usage examples

mi pendo do

"I am a friend of you."

xrani mi lo ka cinmo

"(Something) hurt me in my feelings."

Notes

This word can be either first-person singular or first-person plural. The speaker(s) it refers to can be specifically identified by the vocative {mi'e} or {goi}.

cmavo: mi'a (KOhA3)

Proposed definition

A pro-sumti for "I/we and others," referring to the speaker(s) along with one or more other people, considered together.

See also

• {mi}
• {do'o}
• {mi'o}
• {ma'a}

Proposed keywords

• us and them
• we and they

Usage examples

• lo ro cribe poi jersi mi'o

Notes

This cmavo combines the first- and third-persons together. It excludes the second-person: the addressees of the speaker. The people it refers to can be specifically identified by vocatives (such as {doi}) or {goi}.

cmavo: mi'o (KOhA3)

Proposed definition

A pro-sumti for "you and I/we," referring to the speaker(s) along with the person or people that the speaker is addressing, considered together.

See also

• {mi}
• {do}
• {ma'a}

Proposed keywords

• you and I
• you and we

Usage examples

lo ro cribe poi jersi mi'o bunre

"All bears that chase you and me are/were/will-be brown."

xu tu joi mi'o bebna

"Are those (people) over there and we being fools?"

Notes

This cmavo combines the first- and second-persons together. The people it refers to can be specifically identified by vocatives (such as {mi'e} or {doi}) or {goi}.