Proposed Definitions And Examples
Proposed Definition of bu'a
- bu'a (GOhA)
- Logically quantified selbri 1.
Examples of bu'a Usage
doi .eimis. pe'i ro bu'a zo'u lo prenu cu ka'e jai bu'a
Amy, my opinion is that for any state/action/property/thing X, (some) people are capable of being/doing/having something to do with X.
ganai do djica lonu bu'a gi gauko bu'a
If there is something you want to happen, make it happen.
zo poi bu'a zo noi .ije zo voi bu'a ma
What is to “voi” as “noi” is to “poi”?
- There is an issue with bu'a, which also extends to selbri in general to a lesser extent. It is essentially not possible to treat selbri as sumti; that is, to consider a predicate as a predicate logic variable. This is especially relevant to bu'a, because we might want to assert the existence of a predicate which satisfies a certain predicate and is also the selbri of a bridi involving certain terbri. An example when this would be warranted is here. The English sentence "For all stratified predicates P, the set {x : P(x)} exists" ostensibly cannot be translated in the same style; that is, it is apparently not possible to assert that a predicate satisfies a relation in the prenex and then use it as the selbri of a bridi. You can say {ro da poi ke'a selbri gi'e ... zo'u}, and you can say {ro bu'a zo'u}, but you cannot do something that does both things.
- rlpowell's proposed solution appears to be to import {da poi ke'a selbri} from the prenex and then treat that as bu'a, leading to {ro da poi ke'a selbri gi'e multersenta zo'u lo'i bu'a cu zasti}. This seems a bit..."destructive", to me (mi'e latros), since now I am fairly sure that something is horribly wrong with {da bu'a}.
- My proposed solution is to introduce sumti-to-predicate and predicate-to-sumti cmavo. It may sound like both of these exist, but I am fairly sure they do not. Using, say {me'au}, {me'au ko'a} would be "x1 ko'a x2 x3 ..." where ko'a is a predicate. Then using, say, {me'ei}, {me'ei broda} would be "broda-as-an-abstract-predicate". Then when quantifying over selbri in prenexes, you would use {ro me'ei bu'a}. The previous example then becomes: {ro me'ei bu'a poi ke'a multersenta zo'u lo'i bu'a cu zasti}. This removes the horrible selbri quantification hack, in that {ro bu'a zo'u} would be essentially no different from {ro da zo'u}, except that it would import {lo bu'a} instead of {da}. (It replaces it with another hack, but I would say this one is less bizarre.)
Proposed Definition of bu'e
- bu'e (GOhA)
- Logically quantified selbri 2.
Examples of bu'e Usage
xu ro bu'a ro bu'e zo'u ganai bu'a seni'i bu'e gi ge bu'a gi bu'e
xu ro nu bu'a cu du'u bu'e
Is every event a predication?
Proposed Definition of bu'i
- bu'i (GOhA)
- Logically quantified selbri 3.
Examples of bu'i Usage
ro bu'a su'o bu'e su'o bu'i zo'u ge bu'a gi'a bu'e gi'a bu'i gi co'e
For every P, Some Q and Some R: both P or Q or R; and something unspecified.
For any proposition, there is at least two propositions such that both what we were talking about earlier and at least one of the propositions is true.
This translation needs checked; unsure about the logical connectives here.
- I think the translator got confused by the contrast between Lojban-prefix and English-infix. It's "P and (Q or (R or something))". The first operator has the highest scope. That said, I believe the translation should be something like this: For any proposition, there exists at least one proposition such that there exists at least one proposition such that the first proposition is true and one of the second two propositions or what we were talking about earlier is true. --mi'e zort
Proposed Definition of co'e
- co'e (GOhA)
- Unspecified selbri. Represents a selbri whose exact meaning is unimportant/obvious.
Examples of co'e Usage
i ko na co'e sei le nolraitru cu cusku
“Don't,” said the king.
le so'u kurji be le bangu co'e pe la tolkien cu se xebni le drata sarji be le bi'unai bangu
The few custodians of Tolkien's language stuff were despised by the other supporters of that language.
nabmi mi lenu co'e la emaks
I have problems with Emacs.
ju'i clsn ko co'e
Shoulson! Do it.
Proposed Definition of du
- du (GOhA)
- Equal sign. x1 equals x2, x3, etc. Used for math and also to say that multiple different sumti refer to the same thing.
Examples of du Usage
doi norsmu li zepamu pi'i rexamu du li xo
Norsmu, what is 715 × 265?
y la cizra du la entrop
Er... Cizra and Entrop is the same person.
ri du ma
"What is [doing what you just said]?''
Proposed Definition of go'a
- go'a (GOhA)
- Repeats a recent bridi (usually not the last 2).
Examples of go'a Usage
<xorxes> xu ro cmene be lo gugde ba se vasru la jbovlaste
<Broca> mi troci tu'a lo glico pavbauvlacku
<Broca> a'o go'a
<xorxes> Will all names of countries be in Jbovlaste?
<Broca> I try with an English monolingual dictionary.
<Broca> Hopefully all names of countries will be in Jbovlaste.
Proposed Definition of go'e
- go'e (GOhA)
- penultimate bridi — pro-bridi: repeats the next to last bridi --
Examples of go'e Usage
na go'e doi tomoj .i mi damba la lindar
No, Tomoj. I'm fighting with Lindar.
Proposed Definition of go'i
- go'i (GOhA)
- last bridi — pro-bridi: preceding bridi; in answer to a yes/no question, repeats the claim, meaning yes --
Examples of go'i Usage
.y. mi na go'i .i ku'i ru'a lo samtci na ka'e djica
Uh, I don't. But I presume that a computer program isn't able to want.
Proposed Definition of go'ira'o
- go'ira'o (GOhA*)
- true for me too — pro-bridi: preceding bridi; repeats previous bridi, forcing any pro-sumti to be reinterpreted with respect to the new speaker. ra'o can be appended to any cmavo of GOhA, not just "go'i".
Examples of go'ira'o Usage
do go'ira'o .i ku'i ma na selcnino la lojban
You also do that, but to whom isn't Lojban new?
<djancak> mi nelci lo nu tavla bau la lojban
<gunspoja> go'i ra'o
I like talking in Lojban.
Me too.
Proposed Definition of go'o
- go'o (GOhA)
- future bridi — pro-bridi: repeats a future bridi, normally the next one --
Examples of go'o Usage
xu do go'o .i mi tavla fo la .lojban.
Do you? I talk in Lojban.
Proposed Definition of go'u
- go'u (GOhA)
- earlier bridi — pro-bridi: repeats a remote past bridi --
Examples of go'u Usage
mi djuno lo nu do ka'e go'u
I know you're capable of doing that thing somebody said a while ago.
Proposed Definition of mo
- mo (GOhA)
- bridi ? — pro-bridi: asks for a selbri to fill in its spot.
Examples of mo Usage
lo su'u do mo cu cinri mi
What are you doing that is interesting to me?
do mo prenu
"What kind of person are you?"
Proposed Definition of nago'i
- nago'i (GOhA*)
- deny last bridi — selbri: repeats preceding bridi while denying it as false; pro-assign values are unchanged --
Examples of nago'i Usage
artificial:
.i doi .cmen. do plise vau xu
.i .oi na go'i
Cmen, are you an apple?
Argh, no.
xu do merko
na go'i
mi dotco
Are you American?
No.
I'm German.
Proposed Definition of nei
- nei (GOhA)
- current bridi — pro-bridi: repeats the current bridi --
Examples of nei Usage
du'o nai lo mamta be do mi gletu lo jai du'o nai nei
Unbeknownst to your mother, I had sex with someone who was unaware of it.
ko geirgau le tadni poi na nei ke'a
"Make those students whom you have not made happy, happy."
Proposed Definition of no'a
- no'a (GOhA)
- next outer bridi — pro-bridi: repeats the bridi in which this one is embedded --
Examples of no'a Usage
mi gleki lo nu no'a
"I'm happy about being happy."
le la turnianskis selru'a be fi la lojban zo'u la lojban kulnu nutli gi'e satci fi'o nafmupli fe'u lo nu ly na no'a
Turniansky's postulate about Lojban: Lojban is culturally neutral and exact, with the exception that Lojban isn't.
Notes
Can bu'a be "na klama"? That makes things pretty fucking weird; {ro bu'a ro da ro de zo'u da bu'a de .i jo nai da na bu'a de} is not actually true, because "da na klama de" and "da na na klama de" are both true. Do note, however, that {da ja'a bu'a de .i jo nai da na bu'a de} fixes it.
Impact