History: BPFK Section: Realis Attitudinals

.a'a (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express attentiveness / payment-of-attention / heed / concentration. (cf. jundi, re'i)

.a'a .i ko di'a co'e .i ba ku ma fasnu

Aha, go on, what happened next?

.a'a cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express inattentiveness / distraction / non-payment of attention / heedlessness. (cf. nalju'i, re'i nai)

.a'a cu'i ko denpa lo nu mi mulgau ti

Eh, just a second, let me finish this.

.a'a nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express avoidance / evasion / dodging. (cf. rivbi)

.a'a nai mi na tirna. (cf. rivbi)

La, la, la, I'm not listening.

.a'e (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express alertness / awareness / enthusiasm / liveliness / eagerness / readiness. (cf. cikna, sanji)

.a'e le cabdei ba xamgu djedi

Today is going to be a good day!

.a'e nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express exhaustion / tiredness / weariness / fatigue / lassitude / prostration / burnout (cf. tatpi)

.a'e nai mi klama lo ckana

Yaaaawn... I'm going to bed.

.a'u (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express interest / curiosity / concern / preoccupation. (cf. selci'i, kurji)

.a'u ma ba'o se lifri do

What happened to you?

.a'u cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express disinterest / uninterest / unconcern / apathy / detachment / indifference. (cf. nalselci'i)

.a'u cu'i na cuntu mi

That's none of my business.

.a'u nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express repulsion / aversion / disgust / distaste / repugnance. (cf. selrigni)

.a'u nai ta panci simsa lo kalci

Yuck, that smells like shit!

.i'a (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express acceptance / acknowledgement / admission / assent / consent / acquiescence / conformity / satisfaction (cf. selmansa, nalpro, no'epro, nalzugjdi, fi'i)

.i'a ta banzu

Okay, that will do.

.i'a nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express refusal / rejection / eschewal / resistance / dissatisfaction / blame / incrimination / inculpation (cf. tolselmansa, fi'i nai)

.i'a nai ta mi za'o na mansa

No, that still doesn't satisfy me.

.i'e (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express approval / endorsement / sanction / support / approbation / favor / praise / applause / acclaim. (cf. zanru)

.i'e do xautce gunka

Very good! You did an excellent job.

.i'e cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express neither approval nor disapproval / impartiality / neutrality / nonpartisanship / objectivity. (cf. nutli, norzau)

.i'e cu'i lo cmaci ka'e cfipu lo co'a ve ckule

Speaking objectively, math can be confusing for 1st graders.

.i'e nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express disapproval / criticism / disapprobation / disfavor / opposition / condemnation / reprobation. (cf. tolzau)

.i'e nai le pixra cu korcu dandu

Hm, the picture is hanging crooked.

.i'i (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express togetherness / unanimity / communion / unity / comradeship / camaraderie / conviviality / gregariousness / sociability (cf. gunma, kansa)

.i'i mi ba jinga

Yay! We're gonna win!

.i'i mi mi'ecpe lo se pleji nu zenba

We demand a raise!

.i'i nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express privacy / aloofness / privateness / isolation / solitude / seclusiveness / reclusiveness / secrecy / retirement / withdrawal (selsivni, sepli)

.i'i nai ko cliva

Go away, I want to be alone!

.i'o (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express appreciation / recognition / valuation / thanks / gratitude. (cf. ckire)

.i'o do je'a pendo

Ah, you're a true friend.

.i'o nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express envy / jealousy / resentment / bitterness (cf. jilra)

.i'o nai do ro roi se funca lo zabna

Damn you, you always have good luck!

.i'u (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express familiarity / acquaintanceship / recognition / conversance / grasp / ken / knowledge. (cf. selsau, nalselni'o, kufra, djuno)

.i'u mi ta xabju ze'a lo nanca be li so'i

Yes, I lived there for many years.

.i'u nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express unfamiliarity / ignorance / unknowingness / mystification / mystery. (cf. termipri)

.i'u nai no da sidbo fi mi lo du'u pleji ma kau fo ta

I have no idea how much they are paying for that.

ii (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express fear / alarm / anxiety / fright / horror / panic / terror / apprehension / dread / phobia. (cf. terpa)

ii le tirxu cu xruti

Oh, no! The tiger is back!

ii nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express security / safeness / invulnerability (cf. snura)

ii nai le ctuca na ba tolcri mi'o ti

Heh, the teacher won't find us here.

io (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express respect / regard / courtesy / consideration / deference / homage / kudos / recognition / obeisance / obligingness / veneration / reverence / civility / urbanity / gallantry / politeness / friendliness / affability / corteousness / cordiality / complaisance / solicitude. (cf. sinma, clite, ga'i nai)

io ko mi jersi doi nolnau

This way, Sir, if you please.

io nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express disrespect / contempt / discourtesy / scorn / impertinence / insolence / impoliteness / irreverence / derision / disparagement / disdain. (cf. tolsi'a, ga'i)

io nai ko ti klama doi bebna

Get your ass over here, you idiot!

iu (UI1)

Attitudina.: Used to express love / esteem / adoration / worship / devotion / affection / fondness / sympathy (cf. prami, pendo)

iu do melbi

You're beautiful.

iu nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express hatred / abhorrence / antipathy / bitterness / detestation / hate / loathing / odium (cf. xebni)

iu nai do palci

You're evil.

.o'a (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express pride / dignity / self-confidence / smugness / bravado / grandiloquence / pomposity / cockiness / conceit / arrogance. (cf. jgira, ga'i)

.o'a ju'i mamta mi kakne lo nu tcidu

Look Mummy, I can read!

.o'a cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express modesty / humility / humbleness / discreetness / meekness / unpretentiousness / reserve (cf. cumla, ga'i nai)

.o'a cu'i ba'e mi lumci pi su'o po'o le loldi

Oh, *I* mopped only some part of the floor.

.o'a nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express shame / abashment / embarrassment / humiliation / mortification (cf. ckeji)

.o'a nai mi mrilu le notci lo srera noigri

Oops, I posted the message to the wrong newsgroup.

.o'e (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express intimacy / closeness / affinity / sympathy / rapport. (cf. cnijbi, cnikansa)

.o'e mi do ba kansa lo nu vitke lo mikce

I'll go with you to see the doctor.

.o'e nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express distance / aloofness / coldness / antipathy. (cf. cnida'o)

.o'e nai doi dirba mi to'e cinmo

Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn.

.o'i (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express caution / carefulness / prudence / vigilance. (cf. seljde, capyrivbi, capfanta, srerivbi, srefanta, naldarsi)

.o'i le loldi cu se sakli

Careful! The floor is slippery.

.o'i nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express rashness / audacity / dauntlessness / temerity / recklessness / imprudence / impetuosity / impulsiveness / overconfidence. (cf. darsi)

.o'i nai ko gunta

Charge!

.o'o (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express patience / forbearance / leniency / benevolence / indulgence / magnanimity. (cf. xendo, de'acni)

.o'o ko za'u re'u troci

Ok, try again.

.o'o cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express tolerance / open-mindedness / moderation / fairness / reasonableness / mildness (cf. racli, to'ersteba)

.o'o cu'i ma pu mukti fi do

So, what drove you to do it?

.o'o nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express anger / annoyance / exasperation / fury / rage / impatience / indignation / irascibility / irritation / outrage / vexation / wrath / ire / intolerance. (cf. fengu)

.o'o nai lo xanto cu fanta lo nu mi pagre

Damn, the elephants are blocking my way!

.o'u (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express relaxation / leisure / repose / peacefulness / serenity / calmness / placidity / tranquility / quietude (cf. surla)

.o'u ti zabna se lifri

Ah, this is the life!

.o'u cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express composure / aplomb / balance / equanimity / imperturbability / nonchalance / sobriety / stability / phlegm. (cf. cnilanxe)

.o'u cu'i mi pu tinbe lo selfla

I followed the law.

.o'u nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express stress / anxiety / anguish / chagrin / distress / tension / worry. (cf. dunku)

.o'u nai le mi bersa cu zvati ma

Where is my son?

.oi (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express displeasure / discomfort / pain / discontentment / frustration / complaint / protestation. (cf. pante)

.oi mi cortu le kanla

Ouch! My eyes hurt.

.oi nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express pleasure / comfort / contentment / delectation / delight / gratification / relish / enjoyment (cf. selpu'a, kufra)

.oi nai glare cakla

''Mmm, hot chocolate!"

.u'a (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express gain / triumph / success (cf. jinga, selne'u, prali)

.u'a la'e di'u je'urja'o lo du'u mi pu drani

Hah, that proves I was right!

.u'a nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express loss / desolation / melancholy / disconsolation / lamentation / mourning (cf. cirko)

.u'a nai la rover pu xamgu gerku

Snif, Rover was a good dog.

.u'e (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express wonder / admiration / amazement / awe / marvel / astoundment (cf. selmanci)

.u'e ze prenu cu zvati

Wow, there are seven people here!

.u'e le va gerku cu mutce stati

Wow, that dog is really talented!

.u'e nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express that something is commonplace / humdrum / unexceptional / prosaic (cf. tolselmanci, fadni)

.u'e nai xu ta xagrai lo se kakne be do

Pshaw, is that the best you can do?

.u'i (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express amusement / hilarity / merriment / mirth / laughter (cf. selzdi, selxajmi, xalbo)

.u'i ta cusku zo ganxo

Heh, heh, he said "arsehole".

.u'i nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express weariness / boredom / tediousness / tedium / ennui (cf. tolselzdi)

.u'i nai banzu ca le cabdei

Yawn, that's enough for today.

.u'o (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express courage / boldness / bravery / valor / daring (cf. virnu)

.u'o mi do pu'o nurgau

I'm coming to your rescue!

.u'o cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express timidity / shyness / unassertiveness / inhibition / timorousness (cf. jikterpa)

.u'o cu'i xu mi zifre lo nu stali

Erm, may I stay here?

.u'o nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express cowardice (cf. tolvri)

.u'o nai mi na nerkla ta

Oh no, I'm not going in there.

.u'u (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express repentance / regret / contrition / remorse / guiltiness (cf. xenru, zugycni)

.u'u mi pu na jundi

Sorry, I wasn't paying attention.

.u'u cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express innocence / blamelessness / clear conscience / righteousness / naïveté (cf. nalselra'u)

.u'u cu'i mi zukte no da

I didn't do anything!

.u'u nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express lack of regret / remorselessness / defiance / spite / provocation / unrepentance (cf. talsa)

.u'u nai mi pu zi stapa le do jamfu i do ba zukte ma

Yeah, I just stepped on your foot. What are you going to do about it?

ua (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express discovery / realization / recognizance / recollection / understanding (cf. facki)

ua ba'e ta do mensi

Ah, so *that*'s your sister.

ua nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express confusion / searching / disorientation / befuddlement / perplexity / puzzlement / bewilderment (cf. cfipu, sisku, ki'a)

ua nai la'e di'u vajni fi ma

Huh? How is that relevant?

ue (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express surprise / astonishment / unexpectedness / shock / stupefaction. (cf. selspaji)

ue ta lenku

Oo, that's cold!

ue cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express indifference / impassiveness / insensitivity / unresponsiveness / oblivion / not being really surprised (cf. norselspaji)

ue cu'i ma cnino

So what's new?

ue nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express expectation / expectedness / confirmation. (cf. tolselspaji)

ue nai ro da pu prane

Everything was perfect, just as I expected.

ui (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express happiness / joy / glee / bliss / delight / ecstasy / exultation / jubilation / cheerfulness (cf. gleki)

ui mi pu klama le zarci

Yay, I went to the store!

ui nai (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express unhappiness / sadness / sorrow / depression / gloominess / woe / heartache / anguish (cf. badri)

ui nai ti pu melbi jarbu

Sigh, this used to be a nice neighbourhood.

uo (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express completion / achievement / consummation / fulfillment / accomplishment / termination / culmination (cf. snada, mulno, mansa, fanmo)

uo di'u clani jufra

Pfew, that was a long sentence!

uo nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express incompleteness / deficiency / lack / insufficiency (cf. fliba)

uo nai do tu na ru'e darxi

Oh, you almost hit it.

uu (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express pity / kindness / mercy / gentleness / compassion / sensitiveness (cf. kecti)

uu mi ba dunda lo boxfo do

Oh you poor thing! I'll get you a blanket.

uu nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express cruelty / callousness / hardheartedness / insensibility / insensitiveness / mercilessness / ruthlessness / unkindness / malice / evilness / wickedness (cf. kusru)

uu nai mi ba ponse lo do pruxi

Mwa, ha, ha, ha, ha! Your soul will be mine!

	ja'ai	cu'i	nai
.a'a	jundi	nalju'i	rivbi
.a'e	cikna		tatpi
.a'i	troci	selfrili	cando
.a'u	selci'i	nalselci'i	selrigni
.i'a	selmansa		tolselmansa
.i'e	zanru	nutli	tolzau
.i'i	gunma		selsivni
.i'o	ckire		jilra
.i'u	selsau		termipri
.ii	terpa		snura
.io	sinma		tolsi'a
.iu	prami		xebni
.o'a	jgira	cumla	ckeji
.o'e	cnijbi		cnida'o
.o'i	seljde		darsi
.o'o	xendo	racli	fengu
.o'u	surla	cnilanxe	dunku
.oi	pante		selpu'a
.u'a	jinga		cirko
.u'e	selmanci		tolselmanci
.u'i	selzdi		tolselzdi
.u'o	virnu	jikterpa	tolvri
.u'u	xenru	nalselra'u	talsa
.ua	facki		selfi'u
.ue	selspaji	norselspaji	tolselspaji
.ui	gleki		badri
.uo	snada		fliba
.uu	kecti		kusru

Notes

• iu cu'i was removed from the list because the keyword "no love lost" was too confusing, its meaning is fairly obvious anyway, and no usage was found.

• .u'u cu'i and .u'u nai were interchanged.

Section Issues

The realis/irrealis distinction has been rather hotly debated over the years. It is my ( Lindar ) opinion that the reality/irreality of the UI is dependent upon the reality/irreality of the jufra, and can be indicated with da'i/da'inai or some other kind of marker. This way ni'o .a'o mi klama can mean I hope I go. in one instance and I'm going, about which I feel hopeful. for another, rather than being restricted to one meaning.

Poll